{"id":1667,"date":"2022-12-20T15:42:04","date_gmt":"2022-12-20T12:42:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kokvekok.com\/?p=1667"},"modified":"2022-12-20T15:45:27","modified_gmt":"2022-12-20T12:45:27","slug":"tuzel-kisilik-perdesinin-kaldirilmasi-ve-organik-bag","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kokvekok.com\/en\/tuzel-kisilik-perdesinin-kaldirilmasi-ve-organik-bag\/","title":{"rendered":"T\u00fczel Ki\u015filik Perdesinin Kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 ve Organik Ba\u011f"},"content":{"rendered":"<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"1667\" class=\"elementor elementor-1667\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-422b812 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"422b812\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0d882f4\" data-id=\"0d882f4\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-78778c8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"78778c8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Giri\u015f<\/strong><\/p><p>Bilindi\u011fi \u00fczere hukuk d\u00fczenimizde t\u00fczel ki\u015filer de ger\u00e7ek ki\u015filer gibi hak ve fiil ehliyetini haizdir. Bu sayede t\u00fczel ki\u015filer kendileri ad\u0131na hak ve bor\u00e7 edinebilmektedir. Ancak bu hukuki durumun bir sak\u0131ncas\u0131 olarak hak ve bor\u00e7lar t\u00fczel ki\u015filik nezdinde do\u011fdu\u011fundan t\u00fczel ki\u015fi ortaklar\u0131ndan veya ba\u015fka bir t\u00fczel ki\u015fiden bir borcun tahsilini talep edebilmek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmamaktad\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca bu husus uygulamada bor\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 tahsil edemeyecek durumda olan t\u00fczel ki\u015filerin alacakl\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 zarara u\u011fratmak kast\u0131yla ba\u015fka bir t\u00fczel ki\u015filik \u00e7at\u0131s\u0131 alt\u0131nda ticari faaliyetlerine devam etmesi gibi y\u00f6ntemlere ba\u015fvurularak k\u00f6t\u00fcye kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Bu k\u00f6t\u00fcye kullan\u0131m neticesinde olu\u015fan hak kay\u0131plar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nlemek i\u00e7in t\u00fczel ki\u015filik perdesinin kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 ve organik ba\u011f teorileri ortaya at\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olup, i\u015fbu yaz\u0131m\u0131zda da s\u00f6z konusu teoriler detayl\u0131 \u015fekilde ele al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p><p><strong>T\u00fczel Ki\u015filik Perdesinin Kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131<\/strong><\/p><p>Yukar\u0131da ifade etti\u011fimiz \u00fczere t\u00fczel ki\u015filer, kendilerini olu\u015fturan unsurlardan ayr\u0131 ve ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z bir ki\u015fili\u011fe sahip oldu\u011fundan, t\u00fczel ki\u015finin taraf\u0131 oldu\u011fu i\u015flemler neticesinde t\u00fcm hak ve bor\u00e7lar t\u00fczel ki\u015fi nezdinde do\u011fmaktad\u0131r. T\u00fczel ki\u015finin bir ki\u015fili\u011fine sahip olmas\u0131na ba\u011flanan bu hukuki sonu\u00e7, kimi zaman d\u00fcr\u00fcstl\u00fck kural\u0131na ayk\u0131r\u0131 kullan\u0131labilmekte ve t\u00fczel ki\u015fi ile yap\u0131lan i\u015flemin taraf\u0131n olan alacakl\u0131lar\u0131n zarara u\u011framas\u0131na sebep olabilmektedir. Bu d\u00fcr\u00fcstl\u00fck kural\u0131na ayk\u0131r\u0131 kullan\u0131m\u0131n yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 ma\u011fduriyetin ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131labilmesi amac\u0131yla doktrin taraf\u0131ndan t\u00fczel ki\u015filik perdesinin kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 teorisi ortaya at\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, s\u00f6z konusu teori sonras\u0131nda Yarg\u0131tay uygulamalar\u0131na da temel olmu\u015ftur. Teori sayesinde \u015firket nezdinde do\u011fan bor\u00e7lardan dolay\u0131 \u015firket ortaklar\u0131n\u0131n sorumlulu\u011funa gidilebilmektedir.<\/p><p>\u015e\u00f6yle ki Yarg\u0131tay 3. Hukuk Dairesi\u2019nin E. 2022\/4244, K. 2022\/6073, 22.6.2022 tarihli karar\u0131nda de\u011ferlendirildi\u011fi \u00fczere teorinin amac\u0131, hakkaniyet gerektirdi\u011fi zaman\u00a0t\u00fczel\u00a0ki\u015filik\u00a0perdesinin\u00a0arkas\u0131na s\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nlenmesidir. Teorinin uygulanmas\u0131n\u0131n yasal dayana\u011f\u0131 olarak d\u00fcr\u00fcstl\u00fck kural\u0131 ve hakk\u0131n k\u00f6t\u00fcye kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 yasa\u011f\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fczenleyen T\u00fcrk Medeni Kanunu\u2019nun 2. maddesi kabul edilmektedir. T\u00fczel\u00a0ki\u015fili\u011fin\u00a0varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 as\u0131l olup borcun y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcs\u00fc olan bir\u00a0t\u00fczel\u00a0ki\u015filik\u00a0bulunmakta iken bu\u00a0t\u00fczel\u00a0ki\u015fili\u011fin\u00a0malvarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n alacaklar\u0131n\u0131n zarar\u0131na olarak k\u00f6t\u00fcye kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 durumu iddia edilip kan\u0131tlanmad\u0131\u011f\u0131nda \u015firketin ortaklar\u0131na ya da ba\u015fka bir \u015firkete kar\u015f\u0131 bu bor\u00e7tan dolay\u0131 y\u00f6nelinemeyecektir. Ancak\u00a0t\u00fczel\u00a0ki\u015fili\u011fin\u00a0k\u00f6t\u00fcye kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 baz\u0131 istisnai hallerde\u00a0t\u00fczel\u00a0ki\u015filik\u00a0perdesi aralanmak suretiyle ger\u00e7ek ya da\u00a0t\u00fczel\u00a0ki\u015fi ortaklar\u0131n sorumlulu\u011fu cihetine gidilebilecektir.<\/p><p>Uygulamada ve doktrinde\u00a0t\u00fczel\u00a0ki\u015fi ile ortaklar\u0131n\u0131n alanlar\u0131n\u0131n ve malvarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n birbirine kar\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 halinde, yetersiz sermaye durumunda, ayn\u0131 \u015firketler toplulu\u011fu i\u00e7inde yer alan karde\u015f \u015firketler aras\u0131nda ko\u015fullar\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 halinde ve \u00e7ok istisnai hallerde\u00a0T\u00fczel\u00a0Ki\u015filik\u00a0Perdesinin Kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131\u00a0Teorisinin uygulanmas\u0131n\u0131n m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olabilece\u011fi de kabul edilmektedir.<\/p><p>T\u00fczel\u00a0ki\u015filik perdesinin kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7 \u015fekilde g\u00f6r\u00fclebilmektedir:<\/p><p><strong>1-<\/strong> T\u00fczel\u00a0ki\u015filik\u00a0perdesinin\u00a0d\u00fcz\u00a0kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131, bu hal \u015firket borcundan dolay\u0131 \u015firket y\u00f6netici ve ortaklar\u0131na gidilme olana\u011f\u0131 sa\u011flamaktad\u0131r.<\/p><p><strong>2-<\/strong> T\u00fczel\u00a0ki\u015filik\u00a0perdesinin\u00a0ters\u00a0kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131, bu hal \u015firket y\u00f6netici veya orta\u011f\u0131n\u0131n borcundan dolay\u0131 \u015firket\u00a0t\u00fczel\u00a0ki\u015fili\u011fine\u00a0gidilmesini sa\u011flamaktad\u0131r.<\/p><p><strong>3-<\/strong> T\u00fczel\u00a0ki\u015filik\u00a0perdesinin\u00a0\u00e7apraz\u00a0kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131\u00a0halinde ise hakim \u015firketler toplulu\u011funda s\u00f6z konusu olabilmektedir. Yani\u00a0perdenin\u00a0aralanmas\u0131 ile \u015firket kurucusu ger\u00e7ek ki\u015filerin sorumlulu\u011funa gidilebildi\u011fi gibi, ayn\u0131 \u015firketler i\u00e7erisinde yer alan karde\u015f \u015firketler aras\u0131nda da sorumlulu\u011fun ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti\u011finin kabul\u00fc sa\u011flanabilir.<\/p><p>\u00c7apraz kald\u0131rma; Yarg\u0131tay 11. Hukuk Dairesi\u2019nin E.\u00a02015\/2783 K. 2015\/8018 10.6.2015 tarihli karar\u0131nda; <em>\u201c\u2026Mahkemece, Dairemiz bozma ilam\u0131na uyularak, iddia, savunma ve t\u00fcm dosya kapsam\u0131na g\u00f6re, davac\u0131n\u0131n, dava d\u0131\u015f\u0131 J. \u0130. M. And.\u00a0T. 10\/06\/2015 AG \u015firketi ile kar pay\u0131 ortakl\u0131k s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve sessiz ortak oldu\u011fu, 10.000,00 DM \u00f6demede bulundu\u011funun sunulan ortakl\u0131k s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi ve tahsilat makbuzu as\u0131llar\u0131na g\u00f6re sabit oldu\u011fu, ortakl\u0131k sertifikas\u0131 asl\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fczenleyen dava d\u0131\u015f\u0131 J.-Pa AG ile daval\u0131 \u015firketlerin Jet-Pa \u015eirketler toplulu\u011funa dahil \u015firketler oldu\u011fu, t\u00fczel ki\u015filik perdesinin aralanmas\u0131 kural\u0131 gere\u011fi daval\u0131lar\u0131n sorumlulu\u011funun s\u00f6z konusu oldu\u011fu gerek\u00e7esiyle davan\u0131n kabul\u00fc ile 10.000,00 DM&#8217;nin dava tarihindeki kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 12.015,00 TL&#8217;nin dava tarihinden itibaren i\u015fleyecek yasal faizi ile birlikte daval\u0131lardan m\u00fcteselsilen tahsiline karar verilmi\u015ftir\u2026\u201d<\/em> \u015feklindeki h\u00fckm\u00fcn onanmas\u0131yla da bir Yarg\u0131tay karar\u0131na esas olmu\u015ftur.<\/p><p>Buna ek olarak s\u00f6z konusu teoriye ihtiyatl\u0131 yakla\u015f\u0131lmal\u0131, zira teori ile kurallara istisna getirildi\u011finde m\u00fcmk\u00fcn oldu\u011funca dar yorumlanmal\u0131 ve bu teorinin uygulanmas\u0131na ancak\u00a0t\u00fczel\u00a0ki\u015filik\u00a0kavram\u0131n\u0131n arkas\u0131na saklan\u0131larak d\u00fcr\u00fcstl\u00fck kural\u0131na ayk\u0131r\u0131 davran\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131, kendisine tan\u0131nan hakk\u0131n k\u00f6t\u00fcye kullan\u0131larak \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ki\u015filerin zarara u\u011frat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131, zarara yol a\u00e7an\u00a0t\u00fczel\u00a0ki\u015finin sorumlulu\u011funa h\u00fckmedebilmek i\u00e7in ise ba\u015fka bir yasal nedene dayan\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 durumlarda ba\u015fvurulmal\u0131d\u0131r.\u00a0 \u00d6zetle; t\u00fczel ki\u015filik perdesinin aralanmas\u0131 teorisi her somut olay\u0131n \u00f6zelli\u011fi g\u00f6zetilerek de\u011ferlendirilmeli ve T\u00fcrk Medeni Kanunu&#8217;nun 2. maddesi gere\u011fince d\u00fcr\u00fcstl\u00fck kural\u0131 ve hakk\u0131n k\u00f6t\u00fcye kullan\u0131lma yasa\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6zetilerek t\u00fczel ki\u015fili\u011fin alacakl\u0131lardan mal ka\u00e7\u0131rmak amac\u0131yla kullan\u0131l\u0131p kullan\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, t\u00fczel ki\u015fili\u011fi d\u00fczenleyen normlar\u0131n d\u0131\u015f\u0131na \u00e7\u0131k\u0131l\u0131p \u00e7\u0131k\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 incelenmelidir.<\/p><p><strong>Organik Ba\u011f<\/strong><\/p><p>Ticari hayatta sorumlulu\u011fun geni\u015fletilebilmesi i\u00e7in ortaya at\u0131lan bir di\u011fer teori ise t\u00fczel ki\u015filik perdesinin \u00e7apraz kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131na benzeyen organik ba\u011f teorisidir.<\/p><p>Yarg\u0131tay 9. Hukuk Dairesi\u2019nin E. 2022\/6274, K. 2022\/7556, 13.6.2022 Tarihli karar\u0131nda belirtildi\u011fi \u00fczere t\u00fczel ki\u015filik perdesinin aralanmas\u0131nda oldu\u011fu gibi\u00a0organik\u00a0ba\u011f\u00a0kavram\u0131nda da bir t\u00fczel ki\u015finin bor\u00e7lar\u0131ndan bir ba\u015fka t\u00fczel ki\u015finin sorumlulu\u011funa gidilmektedir. Bu h\u00e2liyle\u00a0organik\u00a0ba\u011f\u00a0kavram\u0131n\u0131n da kayna\u011f\u0131n\u0131 TMK&#8217;nin\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/lib.kazanci.com.tr\/kho3\/ibb\/files\/tc4721.htm#2\">2<\/a>. Maddesinde yer alan d\u00fcr\u00fcstl\u00fck kural\u0131 ve hakk\u0131n k\u00f6t\u00fcye kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 yasa\u011f\u0131 olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r. Ancak\u00a0organik\u00a0ba\u011f\u00a0kavram\u0131, t\u00fczel ki\u015filik perdesinin aralanmas\u0131na g\u00f6re daha geni\u015f bir anlama sahip olsa da\u00a0organik\u00a0ba\u011f\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131, tek ba\u015f\u0131na t\u00fczel ki\u015filik perdesinin aralanmas\u0131n\u0131 gerektirmemektedir. Ba\u015fka bir deyi\u015fle \u015firketler aras\u0131nda\u00a0organik\u00a0ba\u011f\u00a0tespit edilse d\u00e2hi t\u00fczel ki\u015filik perdesinin aralanmas\u0131 ve alaca\u011f\u0131n perdenin arkas\u0131ndakinden de istenebilmesi i\u00e7in s\u0131rf alacakl\u0131dan mal ka\u00e7\u0131rmak ve onu zarara u\u011fratmak amac\u0131yla k\u00f6t\u00fc niyetli i\u015flemler yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n da somut verilerle ispatlanmas\u0131 gerekmektedir.<\/p><p>Yarg\u0131tay\u2019\u0131n s\u00fcregelen i\u00e7tihatlar\u0131nda de\u011ferlendirildi\u011fi \u00fczere, \u015eirketler aras\u0131nda\u00a0organik\u00a0ba\u011f\u00a0olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131; \u015firketlerin adreslerinin ayn\u0131 olmas\u0131, ortakl\u0131k yap\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n ve y\u00f6netim kurullar\u0131n\u0131n benzer olmas\u0131 veya temsilcilerinin ayn\u0131 olmas\u0131, faaliyet alanlar\u0131, hisse devirleri, muvazaal\u0131 i\u015flemler gibi hususlar ve somut olay\u0131n \u00f6zellikleri de g\u00f6zetilerek tespit edilebilir. Ancak t\u00fczel ki\u015filik perdesinin \u00e7apraz aralanmas\u0131nda her iki \u015firketin faaliyet alan\u0131, ortakl\u0131k yap\u0131s\u0131, ortaklar\u0131 gibi konularda \u00f6yle b\u00fcy\u00fck ve derin bir kesi\u015fme vard\u0131r ki; bu \u015firketlerle i\u015f yapan ki\u015filer nezdinde iktisadi bir b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fck i\u00e7erisinde tek bir \u015firketle i\u015f yap\u0131l\u0131yor alg\u0131s\u0131 olu\u015fmaktad\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ki\u015filer nezdinde uyand\u0131r\u0131lan bu alg\u0131 neticesinde, ticaret yaparken g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir yap\u0131ya sahip g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcs\u00fc olu\u015fturularak, \u015firketlerden birinin borca bat\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 ya da i\u00e7inin bo\u015falt\u0131l\u0131p i\u015f alan\u0131n\u0131n di\u011ferine kayd\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u015flemleri tipik bir hakk\u0131n k\u00f6t\u00fcye kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 olarak de\u011ferlendirilmelidir.<\/p><p>Yukar\u0131da yer verilen bilgiler do\u011frultusunda t\u00fczel ki\u015filik perdesinin kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 ve organik ba\u011f teorileri benzer teoriler olmakla birlikte aralar\u0131nda \u00e7e\u015fitli farkl\u0131l\u0131klar da bulunmaktad\u0131r. \u00d6rne\u011fin t\u00fczel ki\u015filik perdesinin kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 teorisinde hem di\u011fer bir \u015firketin hem de ortaklar\u0131n mali sorumlulu\u011funa gidilebilmektedir. Ancak organik ba\u011f teorisinde yaln\u0131zca di\u011fer bir \u015firketin mali sorumlulu\u011funa gidilebilmekte, ortaklar\u0131n sorumlulu\u011fundan bahsetmek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmamaktad\u0131r.<\/p><p><strong>Sonu\u00e7<\/strong><\/p><p>Netice itibariyle ticari hayatta t\u00fczel ki\u015filer taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lan i\u015flemler neticesinde hak ve bor\u00e7lar\u0131n s\u00f6z konusu ki\u015filik nezdinde do\u011fmas\u0131 hususu kimi zaman d\u00fcr\u00fcstl\u00fck kural\u0131na ayk\u0131r\u0131 \u015fekilde kullan\u0131labilmektedir. Bu kullan\u0131m neticesinde alacakl\u0131lar, borcun tahsil kabiliyeti bulunmayan \u015firketler ile kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya kalmakta ve mali zarara u\u011framaktad\u0131r. Bu d\u00fcr\u00fcstl\u00fck kural\u0131na ayk\u0131r\u0131 kullan\u0131m\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcne ge\u00e7ebilmek amac\u0131yla doktrin taraf\u0131ndan t\u00fczel ki\u015filik perdesinin kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 ve organik ba\u011f teorileri \u00fcretilmi\u015f olup, sa\u011flanan bu hukuki korumadan en y\u00fcksek faydayla yararlan\u0131labilmesi i\u00e7in gerek bir \u015firkete y\u00f6nelik icra takiplerinde gerekse \u015firketlerle yap\u0131lan birtak\u0131m s\u00f6zle\u015fmelerde alan\u0131nda uzman hukuk\u00e7ulardan destek al\u0131nmas\u0131 yerinde olacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Giri\u015f Bilindi\u011fi \u00fczere hukuk d\u00fczenimizde t\u00fczel ki\u015filer de ger\u00e7ek ki\u015filer gibi hak ve fiil ehliyetini haizdir. Bu sayede t\u00fczel ki\u015filer kendileri ad\u0131na hak ve bor\u00e7 edinebilmektedir. Ancak bu hukuki durumun bir sak\u0131ncas\u0131 olarak hak ve bor\u00e7lar t\u00fczel ki\u015filik nezdinde do\u011fdu\u011fundan t\u00fczel ki\u015fi ortaklar\u0131ndan veya ba\u015fka bir t\u00fczel ki\u015fiden bir borcun tahsilini talep edebilmek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmamaktad\u0131r. [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[14],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1667","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-ticaret-hukuku"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kokvekok.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1667","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kokvekok.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kokvekok.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kokvekok.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kokvekok.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1667"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/kokvekok.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1667\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1671,"href":"https:\/\/kokvekok.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1667\/revisions\/1671"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kokvekok.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1667"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kokvekok.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1667"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kokvekok.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1667"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}