{"id":1536,"date":"2022-02-28T12:30:48","date_gmt":"2022-02-28T09:30:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kokvekok.com\/?p=1536"},"modified":"2022-02-28T12:39:21","modified_gmt":"2022-02-28T09:39:21","slug":"haksiz-rekabet-hukumleri-hakkinda-bilgi-notu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kokvekok.com\/en\/haksiz-rekabet-hukumleri-hakkinda-bilgi-notu\/","title":{"rendered":"Haks\u0131z Rekabet H\u00fck\u00fcmleri Hakk\u0131nda Bilgi Notu"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t

Giri\u015f<\/strong><\/p>\n

Haks\u0131z Rekabet h\u00fck\u00fcmleri; anayasa ile g\u00fcvence\nalt\u0131na al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f rekabet hakk\u0131n\u0131n kullan\u0131labilmesi maksad\u0131yla \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen h\u00fck\u00fcmler\nolup, i\u015fbu h\u00fck\u00fcmlerin amac\u0131 d\u00fcr\u00fcstl\u00fck kuralar\u0131na uygun i\u015fleyen bir rekabet\nortam\u0131n\u0131n sa\u011flanmas\u0131d\u0131r. Haks\u0131z rekabete ili\u015fkin olarak T\u00fcrk Bor\u00e7lar Kanunu ve\nT\u00fcrk Ticaret Kanunu\u2019nda \u00e7e\u015fitli h\u00fck\u00fcmler mevcut olmakla birlikte, T\u00fcrk Bor\u00e7lar\nKanunu\u2019nun 57. Maddesi; \u201cTicari i\u015flere ait haks\u0131z rekabet hakk\u0131nda T\u00fcrk Ticaret\nKanunu h\u00fck\u00fcmleri sakl\u0131d\u0131r.\u201d h\u00fckm\u00fcn\u00fc havidir. Hal b\u00f6yle iken ticari i\u015flere\nili\u015fkin rekabeti bozucu fillerin i\u015flenmesi halinde T\u00fcrk Ticaret Kanunu\nh\u00fck\u00fcmlerinin uygulanmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi a\u00e7\u0131k olup, i\u015fbu yaz\u0131m\u0131zda da T\u00fcrk Ticaret\nHukuku kapsam\u0131nda haks\u0131z rekabet h\u00fck\u00fcmleri detayl\u0131 \u015fekilde ele al\u0131nacakt\u0131r.<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Haks\u0131z Rekabet Kavram\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Bilindi\u011fi \u00fczere Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma ve S\u00f6zle\u015fme H\u00fcrriyeti ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 48. Maddesi; \u201cHerkes, diledi\u011fi alanda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ve s\u00f6zle\u015fme h\u00fcrriyetlerine sahiptir. \u00d6zel te\u015febb\u00fcsler kurmak serbesttir. Devlet, \u00f6zel te\u015febb\u00fcslerin milli ekonominin gereklerine ve sosyal ama\u00e7lara uygun y\u00fcr\u00fcmesini, g\u00fcvenlik ve kararl\u0131l\u0131k i\u00e7inde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayacak tedbirleri al\u0131r.\u201d <\/em>h\u00fckm\u00fcn\u00fc ve Piyasalar\u0131n denetimi ve d\u0131\u015f ticaretin d\u00fczenlenmesi ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 167. Maddesi ise; \u201cDevlet, para, kredi, sermaye, mal ve hizmet piyasalar\u0131n\u0131n sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 ve d\u00fczenli i\u015flemelerini sa\u011flay\u0131c\u0131 ve geli\u015ftirici tedbirleri al\u0131r; piyasalarda fiili veya anla\u015fma sonucu do\u011facak tekelle\u015fme ve kartelle\u015fmeyi \u00f6nler.\u201d <\/em>h\u00fckm\u00fcn\u00fc havidir. Bu h\u00fck\u00fcmler \u00fclkemizde ge\u00e7erli olan liberal ekonominin bir gereklili\u011fi olan serbest piyasan\u0131n korunmas\u0131 hususunda devlete birtak\u0131m g\u00f6revler y\u00fcklemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Haks\u0131z rekabet; T\u00fcrk Ticaret Kanunu\u2019nda, rakipler aras\u0131nda veya tedarik edenlerle m\u00fc\u015fteriler aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fkileri etkileyen aldat\u0131c\u0131 veya d\u00fcr\u00fcstl\u00fck kural\u0131na di\u011fer \u015fekillerdeki ayk\u0131r\u0131 davran\u0131\u015flar ile ticari uygulamalar <\/strong>\u015feklinde tan\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015f olup, bu kapsamdaki ticari uygulamalar Kanunun 55. Maddesinde;<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. a) D\u00fcr\u00fcstl\u00fck kural\u0131na ayk\u0131r\u0131 reklamlar ve sat\u0131\u015f y\u00f6ntemleri ile di\u011fer hukuka ayk\u0131r\u0131 davran\u0131\u015flar ve \u00f6zellikle; <\/strong><\/li>\n
  2. Ba\u015fkalar\u0131n\u0131 veya onlar\u0131n mallar\u0131n\u0131, i\u015f \u00fcr\u00fcnlerini, fiyatlar\u0131n\u0131, faaliyetlerini veya ticari i\u015flerini yanl\u0131\u015f, yan\u0131lt\u0131c\u0131 veya gereksiz yere incitici a\u00e7\u0131klamalarla k\u00f6t\u00fclemek, <\/em><\/li>\n
  3. Kendisi, ticari i\u015fletmesi, i\u015fletme i\u015faretleri, mallar\u0131, i\u015f \u00fcr\u00fcnleri, faaliyetleri, fiyatlar\u0131, stoklar\u0131, sat\u0131\u015f kampanyalar\u0131n\u0131n bi\u00e7imi ve i\u015f ili\u015fkileri hakk\u0131nda ger\u00e7ek d\u0131\u015f\u0131 veya yan\u0131lt\u0131c\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klamalarda bulunmak veya ayn\u0131 yollarla \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ki\u015fiyi rekabette \u00f6ne ge\u00e7irmek,<\/em><\/li>\n
  4. Paye, diploma veya \u00f6d\u00fcl almad\u0131\u011f\u0131 h\u00e2lde bunlara sahipmi\u015f\u00e7esine hareket ederek m\u00fcstesna yetene\u011fe malik bulundu\u011fu zann\u0131n\u0131 uyand\u0131rmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmak veya buna elveri\u015fli do\u011fru olmayan meslek adlar\u0131 ve sembolleri kullanmak, <\/em><\/li>\n
  5. Ba\u015fkas\u0131n\u0131n mallar\u0131, i\u015f \u00fcr\u00fcnleri, faaliyetleri veya i\u015fleri ile kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmaya yol a\u00e7an \u00f6nlemler almak,<\/em><\/li>\n
  6. Kendisini, mallar\u0131n\u0131, i\u015f \u00fcr\u00fcnlerini, faaliyetlerini, fiyatlar\u0131n\u0131, ger\u00e7e\u011fe ayk\u0131r\u0131, yan\u0131lt\u0131c\u0131, rakibini gereksiz yere k\u00f6t\u00fcleyici veya gereksiz yere onun tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan yararlanacak \u015fekilde; ba\u015fkalar\u0131, mallar\u0131, i\u015f \u00fcr\u00fcnleri veya fiyatlar\u0131yla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rmak ya da \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ki\u015fiyi benzer yollardan \u00f6ne ge\u00e7irmek,<\/em><\/li>\n
  7. Se\u00e7ilmi\u015f baz\u0131 mallar\u0131, i\u015f \u00fcr\u00fcnlerini veya faaliyetleri birden \u00e7ok kere tedarik fiyat\u0131n\u0131n alt\u0131nda sat\u0131\u015fa sunmak, bu sunumlar\u0131 reklamlar\u0131nda \u00f6zellikle vurgulamak ve bu \u015fekilde m\u00fc\u015fterilerini, kendisinin veya rakiplerinin yetene\u011fi hakk\u0131nda yan\u0131ltmak; \u015fu kadar ki, sat\u0131\u015f fiyat\u0131n\u0131n, ayn\u0131 \u00e7e\u015fit mallar\u0131n, i\u015f \u00fcr\u00fcnlerinin veya faaliyetlerinin benzer hacimde al\u0131m\u0131nda uygulanan tedarik fiyat\u0131n\u0131n alt\u0131nda olmas\u0131 h\u00e2linde yan\u0131ltman\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 karine olarak kabul olunur; daval\u0131, ger\u00e7ek tedarik fiyat\u0131n\u0131 ispatlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 takdirde bu fiyat de\u011ferlendirmeye esas olur, <\/em><\/li>\n
  8. M\u00fc\u015fteriyi ek edimlerle sunumun ger\u00e7ek de\u011feri hakk\u0131nda yan\u0131ltmak, <\/em><\/li>\n
  9. M\u00fc\u015fterinin karar verme \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc \u00f6zellikle sald\u0131rgan sat\u0131\u015f y\u00f6ntemleri ile s\u0131n\u0131rlamak, <\/em><\/li>\n
  10. Mallar\u0131n, i\u015f \u00fcr\u00fcnlerinin veya faaliyetlerin \u00f6zelliklerini, miktar\u0131n\u0131, kullan\u0131m ama\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131, yararlar\u0131n\u0131 veya tehlikelerini gizlemek ve bu \u015fekilde m\u00fc\u015fteriyi yan\u0131ltmak, <\/em><\/li>\n
  11. Taksitle sat\u0131m s\u00f6zle\u015fmelerine veya buna benzer hukuki<\/em> i\u015flemlere ili\u015fkin kamuya yap\u0131lan ilanlarda unvan\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a belirtmemek, pe\u015fin veya toplam sat\u0131\u015f fiyat\u0131n\u0131 veya taksitle sat\u0131mdan kaynaklanan ek maliyeti T\u00fcrk Liras\u0131 ve y\u0131ll\u0131k oranlar \u00fczerinden belirtmemek, <\/em><\/li>\n
  12. T\u00fcketici kredilerine ili\u015fkin kamuya yap\u0131lan ilanlarda unvan\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a belirtmemek veya kredilerin net tutarlar\u0131na, toplam giderlerine, efektif y\u0131ll\u0131k faizlerine ili\u015fkin a\u00e7\u0131k beyanlarda bulunmamak, <\/em><\/li>\n
  13. \u0130\u015fletmesine ili\u015fkin faaliyetleri \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde, taksitle sat\u0131m veya t\u00fcketici kredisi s\u00f6zle\u015fmeleri sunan veya akdeden ve bu ba\u011flamda s\u00f6zle\u015fmenin konusu, fiyat\u0131, \u00f6deme \u015fartlar\u0131, s\u00f6zle\u015fme s\u00fcresi, m\u00fc\u015fterinin cayma veya fesih hakk\u0131na veya kalan borcu vadeden \u00f6nce \u00f6deme hakk\u0131na ili\u015fkin eksik veya yanl\u0131\u015f bilgiler i\u00e7eren s\u00f6zle\u015fme form\u00fclleri kullanmak.<\/em><\/li>\n
  14. b) S\u00f6zle\u015fmeyi ihlale veya sona erdirmeye y\u00f6neltmek; \u00f6zellikle, <\/em><\/strong><\/li>\n
  15. M\u00fc\u015fterilerle kendisinin bizzat s\u00f6zle\u015fme yapabilmesi i\u00e7in, onlar\u0131 ba\u015fkalar\u0131yla yapm\u0131\u015f olduklar\u0131 s\u00f6zle\u015fmelere ayk\u0131r\u0131 davranmaya y\u00f6neltmek, <\/em><\/li>\n
  16. \u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ki\u015filerin i\u015f\u00e7ilerine, vekillerine ve di\u011fer yard\u0131mc\u0131 ki\u015filerine, haketmedikleri ve onlar\u0131 i\u015flerinin ifas\u0131nda y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fcklerine ayk\u0131r\u0131 davranmaya y\u00f6neltebilecek yararlar sa\u011flayarak veya \u00f6nererek, kendisine veya ba\u015fkalar\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kar sa\u011flamaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmak, <\/em><\/li>\n
  17. \u0130\u015f\u00e7ileri, vekilleri veya di\u011fer yard\u0131mc\u0131 ki\u015fileri, i\u015fverenlerinin veya m\u00fcvekkillerinin \u00fcretim ve i\u015f s\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131 if\u015fa etmeye veya ele ge\u00e7irmeye y\u00f6neltmek,<\/em><\/li>\n
  18. Onunla kendisinin bu t\u00fcr bir s\u00f6zle\u015fme yapabilmesi i\u00e7in, taksitle sat\u0131\u015f, pe\u015fin sat\u0131\u015f veya t\u00fcketici kredisi s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi yapm\u0131\u015f olan al\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n veya kredi alan ki\u015finin, bu s\u00f6zle\u015fmeden caymas\u0131na veya pe\u015fin sat\u0131\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi yapm\u0131\u015f olan al\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n bu s\u00f6zle\u015fmeyi feshetmesine y\u00f6neltmek. <\/em><\/li>\n
  19. c) Ba\u015fkalar\u0131n\u0131n i\u015f \u00fcr\u00fcnlerinden yetkisiz yararlanma; \u00f6zellikle<\/em><\/strong>, <\/strong><\/li>\n
  20. Kendisine emanet edilmi\u015f teklif, hesap veya plan gibi bir i\u015f \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcnden yetkisiz yararlanmak, <\/em><\/li>\n
  21. \u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ki\u015filere ait teklif, hesap veya plan gibi bir i\u015f \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcnden, bunlar\u0131n kendisine yetkisiz olarak tevdi edilmi\u015f veya sa\u011flanm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011funun bilinmesi gerekti\u011fi h\u00e2lde, yararlanmak, <\/em><\/li>\n
  22. Kendisinin uygun bir katk\u0131s\u0131 olmaks\u0131z\u0131n ba\u015fkas\u0131na ait pazarlanmaya haz\u0131r \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma \u00fcr\u00fcnlerini teknik \u00e7o\u011faltma y\u00f6ntemleriyle devral\u0131p onlardan yararlanmak<\/em>.<\/li>\n
  23. d) \u00dcretim ve i\u015f s\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131 hukuka ayk\u0131r\u0131 olarak if\u015fa etmek; \u00f6zellikle, gizlice ve izinsiz olarak ele ge\u00e7irdi\u011fi veya ba\u015fkaca hukuka ayk\u0131r\u0131 bir \u015fekilde \u00f6\u011frendi\u011fi bilgileri ve \u00fcretenin i\u015f s\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131 de\u011ferlendiren veya ba\u015fkalar\u0131na bildiren d\u00fcr\u00fcstl\u00fc\u011fe ayk\u0131r\u0131 davranm\u0131\u015f olur. <\/em><\/strong><\/li>\n
  24. e) \u0130\u015f \u015fartlar\u0131na uymamak; \u00f6zellikle kanun veya s\u00f6zle\u015fmeyle, rakiplere de y\u00fcklenmi\u015f olan veya bir meslek dal\u0131nda veya \u00e7evrede ola\u011fan olan i\u015f \u015fartlar\u0131na uymayanlar d\u00fcr\u00fcstl\u00fc\u011fe ayk\u0131r\u0131 davranm\u0131\u015f olur.<\/em><\/strong><\/li>\n
  25. f) D\u00fcr\u00fcstl\u00fck kural\u0131na ayk\u0131r\u0131 i\u015flem \u015fartlar\u0131 kullanmak. \u00d6zellikle yan\u0131lt\u0131c\u0131 bir \u015fekilde di\u011fer taraf aleyhine; <\/em><\/strong><\/li>\n
  26. Do\u011frudan veya yorum yoluyla uygulanacak kanuni d\u00fczenlemeden \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde ayr\u0131lan, veya <\/em><\/li>\n
  27. S\u00f6zle\u015fmenin niteli\u011fine \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde ayk\u0131r\u0131 haklar ve bor\u00e7lar da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6ren, \u00f6nceden yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f genel i\u015flem \u015fartlar\u0131n\u0131 kullananlar d\u00fcr\u00fcstl\u00fc\u011fe ayk\u0131r\u0131 davranm\u0131\u015f olur.<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    \u015eeklinde s\u0131ralanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Haks\u0131z rekabet olu\u015fturan fiiller kanunda say\u0131lan hallerle s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 olmay\u0131p, Kanun Koyucu \u201cBa\u015fl\u0131calar\u0131\u201d demek suretiyle kanunda yer almayan haks\u0131z rekabet hallerinin de bu kapsamda de\u011ferlendirilebilece\u011fi \u015feklinde bir yorumun yap\u0131lmas\u0131na imkan sa\u011flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

    <\/p>\n

    Haks\u0131z Rekabet Kavram\u0131n\u0131n Unsurlar\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n

    Haks\u0131z rekabet fiilinin i\u015flendi\u011finden bahsedebilmek i\u00e7in bir rekabet ortam\u0131n\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve bu rekabet ortam\u0131na y\u00f6nelik d\u00fcr\u00fcstl\u00fck kural\u0131na ayk\u0131r\u0131 fillerin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 gereklidir.<\/p>\n

    <\/p>\n

    \u201cRekabet ortam\u0131 varl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u201d unsurundan anla\u015f\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 \u00fczere haks\u0131z rekabet fiilinin ekonomik rekabetin mevcut olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 sistemlerde i\u015flenmesi m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmayacakt\u0131r. Hal b\u00f6yle iken haks\u0131z rekabet fiilinin i\u015flenebilmesi i\u00e7in tam rekabet piyasan\u0131n bulunmas\u0131 gereklidir. Bu kapsamda Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 167. Maddesinde devlete kartelle\u015fme ve tekelle\u015fmenin \u00f6n\u00fcne ge\u00e7mek maksad\u0131yla \u00f6nlem al\u0131nmas\u0131 \u015feklinde bir g\u00f6rev y\u00fcklenmi\u015f olmas\u0131 da mevcut olan ve korunmak istenen piyasan\u0131n tam rekabet piyasas\u0131 oldu\u011funu g\u00f6stermektedir.<\/p>\n

    <\/p>\n

    Di\u011fer bir unsur olan d\u00fcr\u00fcstl\u00fck kural\u0131na ayk\u0131r\u0131 davran\u0131\u015ftan kas\u0131t ise, T\u00fcrk Medeni Kanunu\u2019nda yer alan d\u00fcr\u00fcstl\u00fck kural\u0131n\u0131n bir yans\u0131mas\u0131ndan ibarettir. D\u00fcr\u00fcstl\u00fck kural\u0131na ayk\u0131r\u0131 hallere ili\u015fkin olarak, T\u00fcrk Ticaret Kanunu\u2019nda s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 say\u0131m yap\u0131lmaks\u0131z\u0131n yer verilmi\u015ftir. Bu kapsamda \u00f6rne\u011fin ba\u015fkalar\u0131n\u0131 veya onlar\u0131n mallar\u0131n\u0131, i\u015f \u00fcr\u00fcnlerini, fiyatlar\u0131n\u0131, faaliyetlerini veya ticari i\u015flerini yanl\u0131\u015f, yan\u0131lt\u0131c\u0131 veya gereksiz yere incitici a\u00e7\u0131klamalarla k\u00f6t\u00fclemek, kendisi, ticari i\u015fletmesi, i\u015fletme i\u015faretleri, mallar\u0131, i\u015f \u00fcr\u00fcnleri, faaliyetleri, fiyatlar\u0131, stoklar\u0131, sat\u0131\u015f kampanyalar\u0131n\u0131n bi\u00e7imi ve i\u015f ili\u015fkileri hakk\u0131nda ger\u00e7ek d\u0131\u015f\u0131 veya yan\u0131lt\u0131c\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klamalarda bulunmak veya ayn\u0131 yollarla \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ki\u015fiyi rekabette \u00f6ne ge\u00e7irmek \u015feklindeki hallerde d\u00fcr\u00fcstl\u00fck kural\u0131na ayk\u0131r\u0131 olarak rekabet ortam\u0131 bozulmu\u015f olacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

    <\/p>\n

    \u0130htiyati Tedbir Talebi<\/strong><\/p>\n

    Haks\u0131z rekabet davas\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131lmadan evvel veya dava a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131 halinde dava ile birlikte mevcut durumda meydana gelebilecek bir de\u011fi\u015fme nedeniyle hakk\u0131n elde edilmesinin \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde zorla\u015faca\u011f\u0131 ya da tamamen imk\u00e2ns\u0131z h\u00e2le gelece\u011fi veya gecikmesinde sak\u0131nca bulunmas\u0131 yahut ciddi bir zarar\u0131n ortaya \u00e7\u0131kaca\u011f\u0131 hususunu mahkeme \u00f6n\u00fcnde yakla\u015f\u0131k olarak ispat etmek suretiyle ihtiyati tedbir talebinde bulunabilecektir. Ayr\u0131ca, hak sahibinin yetkilerine tecav\u00fcz olu\u015fturmas\u0131 h\u00e2linde cezay\u0131 gerektiren haks\u0131z rekabet konusu mallara, ithalat veya ihracat s\u0131ras\u0131nda hak sahibinin talebi \u00fczerine, g\u00fcmr\u00fck idareleri taraf\u0131ndan ihtiyati tedbir niteli\u011finde el konulabilmesi m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

    <\/p>\n

    Haks\u0131z Rekabet Halinde Hukuki Sorumluluk <\/strong><\/p>\n

    <\/p>\n

    Hukuki sorumlulu\u011fa ili\u015fkin olarak, T\u00fcrk Ticaret Kanunu\u2019nun 56. Maddesinde; \u201cHaks\u0131z rekabet sebebiyle m\u00fc\u015fterileri, kredisi, meslek\u00ee itibar\u0131, ticari faaliyetleri veya di\u011fer ekonomik menfaatleri zarar g\u00f6ren veya b\u00f6yle bir tehlikeyle kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fabilecek olan kimse\u201d <\/em>denilmek suretiyle bir zarar veya zarar tehlikesinin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131, buna ek olarak bu zarar\u0131n haks\u0131z rekabet halinden kaynaklanm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131; di\u011fer bir deyi\u015fle, haks\u0131z rekabet ile zarar aras\u0131nda bir illiyet ba\u011f\u0131n\u0131n bulunmas\u0131 aranm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. S\u00f6z konusu ko\u015fullar\u0131n sa\u011flanmas\u0131 halinde ise zarar g\u00f6ren veya zarar g\u00f6rme tehlikesi ile kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya olan kimse; i\u015fbu fiilin haks\u0131z olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n tespitini, haks\u0131z rekabetin men\u2019ini, haks\u0131z rekabetin sonucu olan maddi durumun ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131, haks\u0131z rekabet yanl\u0131\u015f veya yan\u0131lt\u0131c\u0131 beyanlarla yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015fsa bu beyanlar\u0131n d\u00fczeltilmesini ve tecav\u00fcz\u00fcn \u00f6nlenmesi i\u00e7in ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmaz ise, haks\u0131z rekabetin i\u015flenmesinde etkili olan ara\u00e7lar\u0131n ve mallar\u0131n imhas\u0131n\u0131, kusur varsa zarar ve ziyan\u0131n tazminini, T\u00fcrk Bor\u00e7lar Kanununun 58. maddesinde \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen \u015fartlar\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda manevi tazminat verilmesini, <\/em>isteyebilecektir. Bu kapsamda kusur ve ziyan\u0131n tazmini hususunda h\u00e2kim, haks\u0131z rekabet sonucu daval\u0131n\u0131n elde etmesi m\u00fcmk\u00fcn g\u00f6r\u00fclen menfaatin kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131na da karar verebilecektir. Ekonomik \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131 zarar g\u00f6ren veya b\u00f6yle bir tehlikeyle kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fabilecek m\u00fc\u015fteriler de her ne kadar bu davalar\u0131 a\u00e7abilecek olsa da kendilerinin ara\u00e7lar\u0131n ve mallar\u0131n imhas\u0131n\u0131 isteyebilmesi m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n

    <\/p>\n

    Buna ek olarak haks\u0131z rekabet fiili, hizmetlerini veya i\u015flerini g\u00f6rd\u00fckleri s\u0131rada \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar veya i\u015f\u00e7iler taraf\u0131ndan i\u015flenmi\u015f olursa, fiilin haks\u0131z olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n tespiti, haks\u0131z rekabetin men\u2019i, haks\u0131z rekabetin sonucu olan maddi durumun ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131, haks\u0131z rekabet yanl\u0131\u015f veya yan\u0131lt\u0131c\u0131 beyanlarla yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015fsa bu beyanlar\u0131n d\u00fczeltilmesini ve tecav\u00fcz\u00fcn \u00f6nlenmesi i\u00e7in ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmaz ise, haks\u0131z rekabetin i\u015flenmesinde etkili olan ara\u00e7lar\u0131n ve mallar\u0131n imhas\u0131 davalar\u0131, \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131ranlara kar\u015f\u0131 da a\u00e7\u0131labilmekte ise de kusur varsa zarar ve ziyan\u0131n tazmininin ve T\u00fcrk Bor\u00e7lar Kanununun 58.maddesinde \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen \u015fartlar\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda manevi tazminat verilmesinin dava konusu edilmek istenmesi halinde T\u00fcrk Bor\u00e7lar Kanunu H\u00fck\u00fcmleri uygulama alan\u0131 bulacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

    <\/p>\n

    Haks\u0131z rekabet fiilinin her t\u00fcrl\u00fc bas\u0131n, yay\u0131n, ileti\u015fim ve bili\u015fim i\u015fletmeleriyle, ileride ger\u00e7ekle\u015fecek teknik geli\u015fmeler sonucunda faaliyete ge\u00e7ecek kurulu\u015flar arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla i\u015flenmesi halinde ise i\u015fbu fiilin haks\u0131z olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n tespiti, haks\u0131z rekabetin men\u2019i, haks\u0131z rekabetin sonucu olan maddi durumun ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 davalar\u0131 bas\u0131nda yay\u0131mlanan \u015feyin, program\u0131n; ekranda, bili\u015fim arac\u0131nda veya benzeri ortamlarda g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fclenenin; ses olarak yay\u0131mlanan\u0131n veya herhangi bir \u015fekilde iletilenin sahipleri ile ilan veren ki\u015filer aleyhine a\u00e7\u0131labilecektir.<\/p>\n

    <\/p>\n

    Ancak; yaz\u0131l\u0131 bas\u0131nda yay\u0131mlanan \u015fey, program, i\u00e7erik, g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fc, ses veya ileti, bunlar\u0131n sahiplerinin veya ilan verenin haberi olmaks\u0131z\u0131n ya da onay\u0131na ayk\u0131r\u0131 olarak yay\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015fsa, yaz\u0131l\u0131 bas\u0131nda yay\u0131mlanan \u015feyin, program\u0131n, g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcn\u00fcn, ses veya iletinin sahibinin veya ilan verenin kim oldu\u011funun bildirilmesinden ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131l\u0131rsa, ba\u015fka sebepler dolay\u0131s\u0131yla yaz\u0131l\u0131 bas\u0131nda yay\u0131mlanan \u015feyin, program\u0131n, g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcn\u00fcn, sesin, iletinin sahibinin veya ilan verenin meydana \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131 veya bunlara kar\u015f\u0131 bir T\u00fcrk mahkemesinde dava a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmazsa, yukar\u0131da an\u0131lan davalar, yaz\u0131 i\u015fleri m\u00fcd\u00fcr\u00fc, genel yay\u0131n y\u00f6netmeni, program yap\u0131mc\u0131s\u0131, g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcy\u00fc, sesi, iletiyi, yay\u0131n, ileti\u015fim ve bili\u015fim arac\u0131na koyan veya koyduran ki\u015fi ve ilan servisi \u015fefi; bunlar g\u00f6sterilemiyorsa, i\u015fletme veya kurulu\u015f sahibi aleyhine a\u00e7\u0131labilecektir.<\/p>\n

    <\/p>\n

    Haks\u0131z Rekabet Halinde Cezai Sorumluluk<\/strong><\/p>\n

    T\u00fcrk Ticaret Kanunu\u2019nun 55. Maddesinde yaz\u0131l\u0131 haks\u0131z rekabet fiillerinden birini kasten i\u015fleyenler, kendi icap ve tekliflerinin rakiplerininkine tercih edilmesi i\u00e7in ki\u015fisel durumu, \u00fcr\u00fcnleri, i\u015f \u00fcr\u00fcnleri, ticari faaliyeti ve i\u015fleri hakk\u0131nda kasten yanl\u0131\u015f veya yan\u0131lt\u0131c\u0131 bilgi verenler, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131, vekilleri veya di\u011fer yard\u0131mc\u0131 kimseleri, \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131ran\u0131n veya m\u00fcvekkillerinin \u00fcretim veya ticaret s\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131 ele ge\u00e7irmelerini sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in aldatanlar, \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131ranlar veya m\u00fcvekkillerden, i\u015f\u00e7ilerinin veya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n\u0131n ya da vekillerinin, i\u015flerini g\u00f6rd\u00fckleri s\u0131rada cezay\u0131 gerektiren bir haks\u0131z rekabet fiilini i\u015flediklerini \u00f6\u011frenip de bu fiili \u00f6nlemeyenler veya ger\u00e7e\u011fe ayk\u0131r\u0131 beyanlar\u0131 d\u00fczeltmeyenler, fiil daha a\u011f\u0131r cezay\u0131 gerektiren ba\u015fka bir su\u00e7 olu\u015fturmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 takdirde, hukuk davas\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7ma hakk\u0131n\u0131 haiz bulunanlardan birinin \u015fikayeti  \u00fczerine, her bir bent kapsam\u0131na giren fiiller dolay\u0131s\u0131yla iki y\u0131la kadar hapis veya adli para cezas\u0131yla cezaland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131rlar.<\/p>\n

    <\/p>\n

    S\u00f6z konusu haks\u0131z rekabet fiillerinin T\u00fczel ki\u015filerin i\u015flerini g\u00f6rmeleri s\u0131ras\u0131nda i\u015flenmesi halinde ise ger\u00e7ek ki\u015filer hakk\u0131ndaki h\u00fck\u00fcm, t\u00fczel ki\u015fi ad\u0131na hareket eden veya etmesi gerekmi\u015f olan organ\u0131n \u00fcyeleri veya ortaklar\u0131 hakk\u0131nda da uygulanacakt\u0131r. Buna ek olarak, t\u00fczel ki\u015fi hakk\u0131nda bunlara \u00f6zg\u00fc g\u00fcvenlik tedbirlerine de karar verilebilecektir.<\/p>\n

    <\/p>\n

    Haks\u0131z Rekabet Davalar\u0131nda Zamana\u015f\u0131m\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n

    Hukuk davalar\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan, dava a\u00e7ma hakk\u0131; davaya hakk\u0131 olan taraf\u0131n bu haklar\u0131n do\u011fumunu \u00f6\u011frendi\u011fi g\u00fcnden itibaren bir y\u0131l ve herhalde bunlar\u0131n do\u011fumundan itibaren \u00fc\u00e7 y\u0131l ge\u00e7mekle zamana\u015f\u0131m\u0131na u\u011frayacakt\u0131r. \u015eu kadar ki, haks\u0131z rekabet fiili ayn\u0131 zamanda 5237 say\u0131l\u0131 T\u00fcrk Ceza Kanunu gere\u011fince daha uzun dava zamana\u015f\u0131m\u0131 s\u00fcresine tabi olan cezay\u0131 gerektiren bir fiil niteli\u011finde ise, bu s\u00fcre hukuk davalar\u0131 i\u00e7in de ge\u00e7erli olacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

    <\/p>\n

    Sonu\u00e7<\/strong><\/p>\n

    Liberal ekonomik modelin bir gere\u011fi olan serbest piyasa ekonomisinin korunabilmesi maksad\u0131yla T\u00fcrk Ticaret Kanunu\u2019nda haks\u0131z rekabet halleri, haks\u0131z rekabet halinde zarar g\u00f6renin a\u00e7abilece\u011fi hukuk davalar\u0131 ve ceza davalar\u0131 gibi \u00e7e\u015fitli hususlar detayl\u0131 \u015fekilde ele al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f olup, birtak\u0131m yapt\u0131r\u0131mlar \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Kanundaki rekabet hallerin detayl\u0131 anlat\u0131m\u0131 sayesinde birtak\u0131m belirsizlikler ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olup, \u00f6zel uzmanl\u0131k gerektiren haks\u0131z rekabet halleri bak\u0131m\u0131ndan hak kayb\u0131na u\u011franmamas\u0131 ad\u0131na dava s\u00fcre\u00e7lerinin avukat marifetiyle y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclmesi yerinde olaca\u011f\u0131 kanaatindeyiz.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Giri\u015f Haks\u0131z Rekabet h\u00fck\u00fcmleri; anayasa ile g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f rekabet hakk\u0131n\u0131n kullan\u0131labilmesi maksad\u0131yla \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen h\u00fck\u00fcmler olup, i\u015fbu h\u00fck\u00fcmlerin amac\u0131 d\u00fcr\u00fcstl\u00fck kuralar\u0131na uygun i\u015fleyen bir rekabet ortam\u0131n\u0131n sa\u011flanmas\u0131d\u0131r. Haks\u0131z rekabete ili\u015fkin olarak T\u00fcrk Bor\u00e7lar Kanunu ve T\u00fcrk Ticaret Kanunu\u2019nda \u00e7e\u015fitli h\u00fck\u00fcmler mevcut olmakla birlikte, T\u00fcrk Bor\u00e7lar Kanunu\u2019nun 57. Maddesi; \u201cTicari i\u015flere ait haks\u0131z rekabet hakk\u0131nda T\u00fcrk […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[14],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1536","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-ticaret-hukuku"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kokvekok.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1536","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kokvekok.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kokvekok.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kokvekok.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kokvekok.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1536"}],"version-history":[{"count":10,"href":"https:\/\/kokvekok.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1536\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1549,"href":"https:\/\/kokvekok.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1536\/revisions\/1549"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kokvekok.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1536"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kokvekok.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1536"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kokvekok.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1536"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}