{"id":1278,"date":"2020-12-02T10:42:39","date_gmt":"2020-12-02T07:42:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kokvekok.com\/?p=1278"},"modified":"2021-03-02T20:02:25","modified_gmt":"2021-03-02T17:02:25","slug":"tuketici-kanunu-kapsaminda-ayipli-hizmet","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kokvekok.com\/en\/tuketici-kanunu-kapsaminda-ayipli-hizmet\/","title":{"rendered":"T\u00fcketici Kanunu Kapsam\u0131nda Ay\u0131pl\u0131 Hizmet"},"content":{"rendered":"<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"1278\" class=\"elementor elementor-1278\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-ba4a296 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"ba4a296\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9711359\" data-id=\"9711359\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f7bd69b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f7bd69b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>T\u00fcketici i\u015flemleri denildi\u011finde ak\u0131llara genellikle mal al\u0131mlar\u0131 gelmekte, dolay\u0131s\u0131yla T\u00fcketici Kanunu kapsam\u0131nda ay\u0131pl\u0131 mallara ili\u015fkin h\u00fck\u00fcmler ilk olarak g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde bulundurulmaktad\u0131r. Esas olarak bu tutum hatal\u0131 de\u011fildir. Zira ay\u0131pl\u0131 mallara ili\u015fkin h\u00fck\u00fcmler daha genel nitelikte olup ay\u0131pl\u0131 hizmete ili\u015fkin a\u00e7\u0131klamalar yap\u0131l\u0131rken ay\u0131pl\u0131 mallara ili\u015fkin h\u00fck\u00fcmlere ve a\u00e7\u0131klamalara at\u0131f yap\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Kan\u0131m\u0131zca, bu tutum t\u00fcketici i\u015flemini ilgilendiren ay\u0131pl\u0131 bir mal oldu\u011funda t\u00fcketici taraf\u0131n\u0131n h\u0131zl\u0131 bir \u015fekilde T\u00fcketici Kanunu h\u00fck\u00fcmlerini kullanmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamakta; ancak, ay\u0131pl\u0131 bir hizmet s\u00f6z konusu oldu\u011funda t\u00fcketici taraf\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7o\u011fu zaman hareketsiz kalmas\u0131na neden olmaktad\u0131r. Hi\u00e7 \u015f\u00fcphesiz bu durumun bir sebebi ay\u0131pl\u0131 mal kavram\u0131n\u0131n ay\u0131pl\u0131 hizmet kavram\u0131na nazaran daha somut olmas\u0131 olabilecektir. Bu yaz\u0131m\u0131zda da bu husus g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde bulundurularak ay\u0131pl\u0131 hizmet kavram\u0131 ve h\u00fck\u00fcmleri detayl\u0131 bir \u015fekilde ele al\u0131nacakt\u0131r.<\/p><p><strong>T\u00fcketici, Sa\u011flay\u0131c\u0131, Hizmet ve Ay\u0131p Kavramlar\u0131<\/strong><\/p><p>Ay\u0131pl\u0131 hizmet ve ay\u0131pl\u0131 hizmet kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda ba\u015fvurulabilecek h\u00fck\u00fcmlere ge\u00e7meden \u00f6nce \u201cT\u00fcketici\u201d, \u201cSa\u011flay\u0131c\u0131\u201d ve \u201cHizmet\u201d kavramlar\u0131n\u0131n T\u00fcketici Kanunu kapsam\u0131nda nas\u0131l ele al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131na de\u011finmek gerekmektedir. Bu kavramlar T\u00fcketici Kanunu\u2019nun 3.maddesinde a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki \u015fekilde yer almaktad\u0131r:<\/p><ul><li>T\u00fcketici: Ticari veya mesleki olmayan ama\u00e7larla hareket eden ger\u00e7ek veya t\u00fczel ki\u015fi.<\/li><li>Sa\u011flay\u0131c\u0131: Kamu t\u00fczel ki\u015fileri de dahil olmak \u00fczere ticari veya mesleki ama\u00e7larla t\u00fcketiciye hizmet sunan ya da hizmet sunan\u0131n ad\u0131na ya da hesab\u0131na hareket eden ger\u00e7ek veya t\u00fczel ki\u015fi.<\/li><li>Hizmet: Bir \u00fccret veya menfaat kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda yap\u0131lan ya da yap\u0131lmas\u0131 taahh\u00fct edilen mal sa\u011flama d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki her t\u00fcrl\u00fc t\u00fcketici i\u015fleminin konusu.<\/li><\/ul><p>G\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc \u00fczere, hizmet kavram\u0131 Kanun kapsam\u0131nda olduk\u00e7a geni\u015f bir \u015fekilde ele al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00d6yle ki, \u201cmal sa\u011flama\u201d d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki her t\u00fcrl\u00fc t\u00fcketici i\u015fleminin konusu hizmet sa\u011flanmas\u0131 olarak de\u011ferlendirilmi\u015ftir. Bu ba\u011flamda, hizmet sa\u011flanmas\u0131na dair i\u015flemlerin en az mal sa\u011flama i\u015flemleri kadar ve hatta daha geni\u015f oldu\u011fu s\u00f6ylenebilecektir. \u00dcstelik, yukar\u0131da de\u011finildi\u011fi \u00fczere, mal \u00fczerinde ay\u0131p olmas\u0131 hususu kolayl\u0131kla anla\u015f\u0131labilirken; hizmet sa\u011flanmas\u0131 durumunda ortaya \u00e7\u0131kabilecek ay\u0131plar\u0131n ne kadar \u00e7e\u015fitli olabilece\u011fi a\u015fikard\u0131r.<\/p><p>Bu kapsamda, \u201cAy\u0131p\u201d kavram\u0131ndan ne anla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi de \u00f6nem arz etmektedir. Ay\u0131p h\u00fck\u00fcmleri esas olarak T\u00fcrk Bor\u00e7lar Kanunu\u2019nun 219 \u2013 231.maddeleri aras\u0131nda yer almakla birlikte, genel olarak \u201c<em>Sat\u0131c\u0131, al\u0131c\u0131ya kar\u015f\u0131 herhangi bir surette bildirdi\u011fi niteliklerin sat\u0131landa bulunmamas\u0131 sebebiyle sorumlu oldu\u011fu gibi, nitelik veya niteli\u011fi etkileyen niceli\u011fine ayk\u0131r\u0131 olan, kullan\u0131m amac\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan de\u011ferini ve al\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n ondan bekledi\u011fi faydalar\u0131 ortadan kald\u0131ran veya \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde azaltan maddi, hukuki ya da ekonomik ay\u0131plar\u0131n bulunmas\u0131ndan da sorumlu olur<\/em>\u201d \u015feklinde d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir.<\/p><p>Bu yaz\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n konusu olan \u201cAy\u0131pl\u0131 Hizmet\u201d kavram\u0131 ise T\u00fcketici Kanunu\u2019nun 13.maddesinde d\u00fczenlenmektedir. Bu h\u00fckme g\u00f6re \u201c<em>Ay\u0131pl\u0131 hizmet, s\u00f6zle\u015fmede belirlenen s\u00fcre i\u00e7inde ba\u015flamamas\u0131 veya taraflarca kararla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olan ve objektif olarak sahip olunmas\u0131 gereken \u00f6zellikleri ta\u015f\u0131mamas\u0131 nedeniyle s\u00f6zle\u015fmeye ayk\u0131r\u0131 olan hizmettir\u201d <\/em>denilmektedir. Kanunu\u2019nun 14.maddesinde ise, daha geni\u015f bir ifadeyle \u201c<em>Sa\u011flay\u0131c\u0131, hizmeti s\u00f6zle\u015fmeye uygun olarak ifa etmekle y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcd\u00fcr<\/em>\u201d d\u00fczenlemesi yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p><p>Kanunu\u2019nun 13.maddesi \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde kapsam biraz dar gibi g\u00f6r\u00fcnse de asl\u0131nda ay\u0131pl\u0131 hizmet daha geni\u015f bir \u00e7er\u00e7eveyi kapsamaktad\u0131r. Yukar\u0131daki maddeler yan\u0131nda Kanunu\u2019nun 83.maddesi gere\u011fince T\u00fcketici Kanunu\u2019nda d\u00fczenleme bulunmamas\u0131 halinde genel h\u00fck\u00fcmlere ba\u015fvurulabilecektir. Bu husus da kapsam\u0131 olduk\u00e7a geni\u015fletmektedir. \u015e\u00f6yle ki, hizmet s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin zaman\u0131n ba\u015flamamas\u0131 ve\/veya bitirilmemesi, s\u00f6z verilen \u00f6zellikleri bar\u0131nd\u0131rmamas\u0131 veya yararlar\u0131 sa\u011flamamas\u0131 ve hatta objektif olarak sahip olmas\u0131 gereken \u00f6zellikleri bar\u0131nd\u0131rmamas\u0131 ay\u0131pl\u0131 hizmetin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131na delalet edecektir.<\/p><p><strong>Ay\u0131pl\u0131 Hizmet Halinde Ba\u015fvurulabilecek H\u00fck\u00fcmler<\/strong><\/p><p>T\u00fcketici Kanunu\u2019nun 15.maddesinde ay\u0131pl\u0131 hizmet s\u00f6z konusu oldu\u011funda t\u00fcketicinin ba\u015fvurabilece\u011fi se\u00e7imlik haklar d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir. Buna g\u00f6re t\u00fcketici a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da se\u00e7imlik haklardan birini kullanabilecektir:<\/p><ul><li>Hizmetin yeniden g\u00f6r\u00fclmesi,<\/li><li>Hizmet sonucu ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan eserin \u00fccretsiz onar\u0131m\u0131,<\/li><li>Ay\u0131p oran\u0131nda bedelden indirim,<\/li><li>S\u00f6zle\u015fmeden d\u00f6nme.<\/li><\/ul><p>T\u00fcketicinin bu se\u00e7imlik haklar ile birlikte veya bu se\u00e7imlik haklar\u0131n kullanmas\u0131nda bir yarar s\u00f6z konusu olmayacaksa bu se\u00e7imlik haklar\u0131 kullanmaks\u0131z\u0131n T\u00fcrk Bor\u00e7lar Kanunu \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde tazminat talebinde de bulunabilecektir.<\/p><p>T\u00fcketicinin bu haklar\u0131 kullanmas\u0131 \u00e7e\u015fitli s\u0131n\u0131rlamalara tabidir. \u00d6rne\u011fin, \u00fccretsiz onar\u0131m veya hizmetin yeniden g\u00f6r\u00fclmesinin sa\u011flay\u0131c\u0131 i\u00e7in orant\u0131s\u0131z g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fckleri beraberinde getirecek olmas\u0131 h\u00e2linde t\u00fcketici bu haklar\u0131 kullanmas\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir. Bu \u015fekilde a\u00e7\u0131k s\u0131n\u0131rlamalar\u0131n d\u00fczenlemedi\u011fi hallerde ise, T\u00fcrk Medeni Kanunu\u2019nun 2.maddesi kapsam\u0131nda D\u00fcr\u00fcstl\u00fck Kural\u0131\u2019n\u0131n s\u0131n\u0131r olu\u015fturaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6ylemek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olacakt\u0131r.<\/p><p>\u00d6nemle belirtilmelidir ki, T\u00fcrk Bor\u00e7lar Kanunu\u2019nda yer alan sat\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n ay\u0131ptan kaynakl\u0131 sorumlulu\u011fu h\u00fck\u00fcmleri \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde al\u0131c\u0131ya getirilen muayene ve ihbar k\u00fclfetleri s\u00f6z konusudur. K\u00fclfet, yerine getirilmemesi halinde yerine getirmeyen taraf \u00fczerinde k\u00fclfeti yerine getirmi\u015f olsa idi kullanabilece\u011fi haklar\u0131 kullanma imkan\u0131n\u0131 ortadan kald\u0131ran bir durumu ifade etmektedir. Bu do\u011frultuda T\u00fcrk Bor\u00e7lar Kanunu\u2019nun 223.maddesinde muayene ve ihbar k\u00fclfetini yerine getirmeyen al\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n, gizli ay\u0131p halleri sakl\u0131 kalmak kayd\u0131yla, sat\u0131lan\u0131 oldu\u011fu gibi kabul etmi\u015f say\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 ve se\u00e7imlik haklar\u0131n\u0131 kullanmayaca\u011f\u0131 d\u00fczenlenmektedir.<\/p><p>Buna kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k T\u00fcketici Kanunu d\u00fczenlemesinde ne muayene ne de ihbar k\u00fclfetine yer verilmi\u015ftir. Ancak bu husus t\u00fcketicinin haklar\u0131n\u0131 kullanmas\u0131nda bir s\u0131n\u0131r olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 anlam\u0131na gelmemektedir. T\u00fcketici s\u00f6zle\u015fmenin kuruldu\u011fu tarihte ay\u0131ptan haberdar ise veya haberdar olmas\u0131 kendisinden bekleniyor ise s\u00f6zle\u015fmeye ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131k s\u00f6z konusu olmayacakt\u0131r. Di\u011fer taraftan yukar\u0131da belirtildi\u011fi gibi t\u00fcketicinin taleplerini D\u00fcr\u00fcstl\u00fck Kural\u0131\u2019na uygun bir \u015fekilde ileri s\u00fcrmesi gerekmektedir. Son olarak da bu haklar\u0131n Kanun\u2019da belirtilen zamana\u015f\u0131m\u0131 s\u00fcreleri i\u00e7erisinde kullanmas\u0131 gerekmektedir.<\/p><p>Ay\u0131pl\u0131 hizmet s\u00f6z konusu oldu\u011funda sa\u011flay\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n sorumlulu\u011funa gidilebilmesi i\u00e7in Kanun\u2019un 16.maddesi uyar\u0131nca \u201c<em>Kanunlarda veya taraflar aras\u0131ndaki s\u00f6zle\u015fmede daha uzun bir s\u00fcre belirlenmedi\u011fi takdirde, ay\u0131pl\u0131 hizmetten sorumluluk, ay\u0131p daha sonra ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f olsa bile, hizmetin ifas\u0131 tarihinden itibaren iki y\u0131ll\u0131k zamana\u015f\u0131m\u0131na tabidir<\/em>\u201d denilmektedir. G\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc \u00fczere, bu iki y\u0131ll\u0131k s\u00fcrenin t\u00fcketici lehine artt\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olsa da, bu s\u00fcre hizmetin ifa edildi\u011fi tarihten itibaren ba\u015flayacak ve s\u00fcrenin dolmas\u0131 ile sa\u011flay\u0131c\u0131ya kar\u015f\u0131 ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclecek talepler zamana\u015f\u0131m\u0131na u\u011frayacakt\u0131r.<\/p><p><strong>Sonu\u00e7<\/strong><\/p><p>Her ne kadar T\u00fcketici Kanunu denildi\u011finde mal al\u0131m sat\u0131m\u0131na ili\u015fkin durumlar akla gelse de, hizmetin sa\u011fland\u0131\u011f\u0131 haller en az mal al\u0131m sat\u0131m\u0131na ili\u015fkin t\u00fcketici i\u015flemleri kadar fazlad\u0131r. Kanun\u2019un lafz\u0131 ile mal sa\u011flama d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki her t\u00fcrl\u00fc t\u00fcketici i\u015flemi hizmet sa\u011flanmas\u0131na ili\u015fkindir. Daha somut bir ifade ile, \u00f6zel doktor muayenehanelerinde veya polikliniklerinde yap\u0131lan i\u015flemlerden e\u011fitime dair \u00f6zel kurumlar nezdinde yap\u0131lan s\u00f6zle\u015fmelere, akla gelebilecek konusu mal sa\u011flama d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda olan her t\u00fcrl\u00fc s\u00f6zle\u015fme hizmet sa\u011flanmas\u0131na ili\u015fkindir ve bir taraf\u0131 t\u00fcketici ise T\u00fcketici Kanunu kapsam\u0131nda d\u00fczenlenen korumalara tabidir.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>T\u00fcketici i\u015flemleri denildi\u011finde ak\u0131llara genellikle mal al\u0131mlar\u0131 gelmekte, dolay\u0131s\u0131yla T\u00fcketici Kanunu kapsam\u0131nda ay\u0131pl\u0131 mallara ili\u015fkin h\u00fck\u00fcmler ilk olarak g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde bulundurulmaktad\u0131r. Esas olarak bu tutum hatal\u0131 de\u011fildir. Zira ay\u0131pl\u0131 mallara ili\u015fkin h\u00fck\u00fcmler daha genel nitelikte olup ay\u0131pl\u0131 hizmete ili\u015fkin a\u00e7\u0131klamalar yap\u0131l\u0131rken ay\u0131pl\u0131 mallara ili\u015fkin h\u00fck\u00fcmlere ve a\u00e7\u0131klamalara at\u0131f yap\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Kan\u0131m\u0131zca, bu tutum t\u00fcketici i\u015flemini ilgilendiren [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"default","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"default","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[17],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1278","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-tuketici-hukuku"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kokvekok.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1278","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kokvekok.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kokvekok.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kokvekok.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kokvekok.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1278"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/kokvekok.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1278\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1395,"href":"https:\/\/kokvekok.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1278\/revisions\/1395"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kokvekok.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1278"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kokvekok.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1278"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kokvekok.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1278"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}