{"id":1251,"date":"2020-10-28T13:50:12","date_gmt":"2020-10-28T10:50:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kokvekok.com\/?p=1251"},"modified":"2020-10-28T13:50:46","modified_gmt":"2020-10-28T10:50:46","slug":"turk-hukukunda-temerrut-faizi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kokvekok.com\/en\/turk-hukukunda-temerrut-faizi\/","title":{"rendered":"T\u00fcrk Hukukunda Temerr\u00fct Faizi"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Giri\u015f<\/strong><\/p>

Faiz hususu esas olarak T\u00fcrk Bor\u00e7lar Kanunu\u2019nda d\u00fczenlenmekle birlikte 3095 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun gibi birtak\u0131m d\u00fczenlemelerde de kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za \u00e7\u0131kmaktad\u0131r. Faiz, \u201canapara\u201d faizi ve \u201ctemerr\u00fct\u201d faizi olarak ayr\u0131lmakla birlikte, \u201canapara\u201d faizi belirli bir s\u00fcre para alaca\u011f\u0131ndan yoksun kalman\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve medeni getirisi olarak nitelendirilirken; temerr\u00fct faizi belirli bir para borcunu s\u00fcresinde ifa etmeme sebebiyle kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za \u00e7\u0131kan bir tazminat olarak nitelendirilmektedir. Bu kapsamda, faiz olduk\u00e7a geni\u015f bir konu oldu\u011fundan, bu yaz\u0131m\u0131zda taraflarca ihmal edilen veya eksik uygulanan temerr\u00fct faizi hususu ve ticari i\u015flerde temerr\u00fct faizi konusu detayl\u0131 bir \u015fekilde ele al\u0131nacakt\u0131r.<\/p>

Faiz Borcunun Hukuki Niteli\u011fi<\/strong><\/p>

Faiz bor\u00e7lar\u0131 as\u0131l alaca\u011f\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131, ancak ondan ayr\u0131 olan bir yan edim niteli\u011findedir. Faiz alaca\u011f\u0131 anapara borcunun devam ediyor olmas\u0131 kayd\u0131yla ayr\u0131 talep ve dava edilebilir. Bu c\u00fcmleden de g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc \u00fczere, anapara borcunun zamana\u015f\u0131m\u0131na u\u011framas\u0131 ile faiz borcu da zamana\u015f\u0131m\u0131na u\u011frayacak veya anapara borcu devredildi\u011finde faiz borcu da devredilmi\u015f olacakt\u0131r. Ancak yine de, sona ermi\u015f bir alaca\u011f\u0131n faizini talep etmek bu hakk\u0131n sakl\u0131 tutulmas\u0131 kayd\u0131yla veya anapara alaca\u011f\u0131 devredilirken faiz alaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 devretmemek taraflarca kararla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmak \u015fart\u0131yla m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olabilecektir.<\/p>

Temerr\u00fct Faizinin Uygulanmas\u0131 \u015eartlar\u0131<\/strong><\/p>

Temerr\u00fct faizinin talep edilebilmesi i\u00e7in borcun ifa edilmemesi ve bor\u00e7lunun temerr\u00fcde d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015f olmas\u0131 gerekmektedir. Bu sebeple, temerr\u00fct faizi ele al\u0131nmadan \u00f6nce bor\u00e7lu temerr\u00fcd\u00fcn\u00fcn \u015fartlar\u0131 ele al\u0131nmal\u0131d\u0131r. \u00d6ncelikle bor\u00e7lunun muaccel hale gelmi\u015f borcunu hukuka ayk\u0131r\u0131 olarak yerine getirmemesi ve sonras\u0131nda bor\u00e7lunun temerr\u00fcde d\u00fc\u015fmesi gerekmektedir. Bor\u00e7lunun temerr\u00fcde d\u00fc\u015fmesi TBK m.117\/1 h\u00fckm\u00fcne g\u00f6re alacakl\u0131n\u0131n ihtar\u0131 ile s\u00f6z konusu olur. Ancak baz\u0131 hallerde alacakl\u0131n\u0131n ihtar\u0131na gerek bulunmamaktad\u0131r. Alacakl\u0131n\u0131n ihtar\u0131na gerek bulunmayan baz\u0131 \u00f6nemli hallerin \u015fu \u015fekilde s\u0131ralanmas\u0131 yararl\u0131 olacakt\u0131r:<\/p>

  • Alacakl\u0131 ile bor\u00e7lu taraf\u0131ndan borcun ifa edilece\u011fi g\u00fcn yani bir vade belirlenmi\u015fse, bor\u00e7lunun vadenin ge\u00e7mesi ile temerr\u00fcde d\u00fc\u015fer.<\/li>
  • Taraflarca s\u00f6zle\u015fmede \u00f6zel olarak bir bildirim usul\u00fc kararla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015fsa, bu \u015fekilde yap\u0131lan bildirimle de bor\u00e7lu temerr\u00fcde d\u00fc\u015fer.<\/li>
  • Haks\u0131z fiilin ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti\u011fi tarihte de bor\u00e7lu kendili\u011finden kanunen temerr\u00fcde d\u00fc\u015fer.<\/li>
  • Bor\u00e7lu alacakl\u0131ya borcunu a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a \u00f6demeyece\u011fini bildirmi\u015fse bor\u00e7lu kendisine ihtar \u00e7ekilmesine gerek bulunmaks\u0131z\u0131n temerr\u00fcde d\u00fc\u015fer.<\/li><\/ul>

    G\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc \u00fczere, bor\u00e7lunun temerr\u00fcde d\u00fc\u015fmesi i\u00e7in \u00f6ncelikle borcun ifas\u0131n\u0131n m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmas\u0131, alaca\u011f\u0131n muaccel, yani talep edilebilir olmas\u0131 ve ihtar\u0131n gerekli olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 haller sakl\u0131 kalmak \u00fczere alacakl\u0131n\u0131n bor\u00e7luya ihtarda bulunmas\u0131 gerekmektedir.<\/p>

    \u00a0<\/p>

    Temerr\u00fcd\u00fcn Sonu\u00e7lar\u0131<\/strong><\/p>

    Bir para borcunu \u00f6dememek suretiyle temerr\u00fcde d\u00fc\u015fen bor\u00e7lu TBK ve 3095 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun uyar\u0131nca temerr\u00fcde d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fc tarihi izleyen g\u00fcnden itibaren anapara borcuna ek olarak temerr\u00fct faizi \u00f6demek zorunda kal\u0131r. Temerr\u00fct faizi miktar\u0131 anaparaya uygulanacak oran \u00fczerinden belirlenir ve taraflarca temerr\u00fct faizi kararla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmam\u0131\u015fsa, kanuni oranlara g\u00f6re belirleme yap\u0131l\u0131r. Taraflarca belirlenecek faiz oran\u0131 da kanuni temerr\u00fct faizi oran\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fczde y\u00fcz fazlas\u0131n\u0131 a\u015famayacakt\u0131r. Di\u011fer taraftan, temerr\u00fct faizinin al\u0131nabilmesi i\u00e7in bor\u00e7ludan talep edilmesi gerekmektedir.<\/p>

    Ticari \u0130\u015flerde Temerr\u00fct Faizi<\/strong><\/p>

    Ticari i\u015flerde temerr\u00fct faizi hususuna ge\u00e7ilmeden \u00f6nce ticari i\u015flerin neler oldu\u011fu k\u0131saca ele al\u0131nmal\u0131d\u0131r. Hangi i\u015flerin ticari i\u015f say\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 meselesi TTK m.3 ve m.19\u2019da d\u00fczenlenmi\u015f durumdad\u0131r. Buna g\u00f6re, T\u00fcrk Ticaret Kanunu\u2019nda d\u00fczenlenen i\u015fler taraflar\u0131n tacir olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na bak\u0131lmaks\u0131z\u0131n veya i\u015fin ticari i\u015fletmeyi ilgilendirip ilgilendirmedi\u011fine bak\u0131lmaks\u0131z\u0131n ticari i\u015f say\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Di\u011fer taraftan, T\u00fcrk Ticaret Kanunu\u2019nda d\u00fczenlenmi\u015f olmasa da ticari i\u015fletmeyi ilgilendiren i\u015fler de ticari i\u015f say\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Bunun yan\u0131nda, ticari i\u015f karinesi de \u00f6nem arz etmektedir. Bu karineye g\u00f6re, bir tacirin bor\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n ticari olmas\u0131 kurald\u0131r. T\u00fczel ki\u015fi tacirlerde bu karinenin bir istisnas\u0131 bulunmazken ger\u00e7ek ki\u015fi tacirler a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131nda istisnalar s\u00f6z konusu olabilmektedir. Yine bu h\u00fck\u00fcmle ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131 olarak taraflardan biri i\u00e7in ticari say\u0131lan bir i\u015f di\u011fer taraf i\u00e7in de ticari say\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>

    \u0130\u015fin ticari nitelikte olmas\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nemli sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 vard\u0131r. Bu kapsamda, TTK m.8 uyar\u0131nca, taraflar ticari i\u015flerde temerr\u00fct faizi oran\u0131n\u0131 serbest\u00e7e belirleyebilecektir. Taraflarca temerr\u00fct faizi belirlenmemi\u015fse, faiz mevzuat\u0131na g\u00f6re belirleme yap\u0131lacakt\u0131r. 3095 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019a g\u00f6re ticari i\u015flerde T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyet Merkez Bankas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n \u00f6nceki y\u0131l\u0131n 31 Aral\u0131k g\u00fcn\u00fc k\u0131sa vadeli avanslar i\u00e7in uygulad\u0131\u011f\u0131 faiz oran\u0131 s\u00f6zle\u015fme ile kararla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olmasa bile talep edilebilecektir.<\/p>

    Alt\u0131 \u00e7izilmelidir ki, ticari i\u015fler s\u00f6z konusu oldu\u011funda temerr\u00fcde ili\u015fkin TTK m.1530 uygulamas\u0131 \u00f6nem arz etmektedir. Bu h\u00fckme g\u00f6re, borcunu s\u00f6zle\u015fmede \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f bulunan tarihte veya belirtilen \u00f6deme s\u00fcresinde yerine getirmeyen bor\u00e7lunun ihtara gerek olmadan temerr\u00fcde d\u00fc\u015fece\u011fi d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir. S\u00f6zle\u015fmede \u00f6deme g\u00fcn\u00fc veya s\u00fcresi belirtilmemi\u015fse de bor\u00e7lunun fatura veya e\u015fde\u011fer \u00f6deme talebini ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 tarihi takip eden otuz g\u00fcn\u00fcn sonunda temerr\u00fcde d\u00fc\u015fece\u011fi h\u00fckme ba\u011flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Temerr\u00fct faizi ise s\u00f6zle\u015fmede belirlenmemi\u015fse T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyet Merkez Bankas\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan belirlenen faiz oran\u0131 uygulanacakt\u0131r. Bu oran 3095 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanuni Faiz ve Temerr\u00fct Faizine \u0130li\u015fkin Kanun\u2019da \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen ticari i\u015flere uygulanacak temerr\u00fct faizi oran\u0131ndan en az y\u00fczde sekiz fazla olmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>

    Sonu\u00e7<\/strong><\/p>

    G\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc \u00fczere, kanun koyucu bor\u00e7lunun borcunu kararla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lan zamanda yerine getirmemesi nedeniyle alacakl\u0131n\u0131n alaca\u011f\u0131ndan mahrum kalmas\u0131 durumunda alacakl\u0131 ve bor\u00e7lu aras\u0131ndaki menfaat dengesini g\u00f6zeterek temerr\u00fct faizi d\u00fczenlemesini getirmi\u015ftir. Gerek vatanda\u015flar aras\u0131 ili\u015fkilerde gerekse de ticari ili\u015fkilerde taraflarca temerr\u00fct faizi hususunun ihmal edilmemesi ve eksik uygulanmamas\u0131 hak kay\u0131plar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcne ge\u00e7ilmesi ad\u0131na b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6nem arz etmektedir.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Giri\u015f Faiz hususu esas olarak T\u00fcrk Bor\u00e7lar Kanunu\u2019nda d\u00fczenlenmekle birlikte 3095 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun gibi birtak\u0131m d\u00fczenlemelerde de kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za \u00e7\u0131kmaktad\u0131r. Faiz, \u201canapara\u201d faizi ve \u201ctemerr\u00fct\u201d faizi olarak ayr\u0131lmakla birlikte, \u201canapara\u201d faizi belirli bir s\u00fcre para alaca\u011f\u0131ndan yoksun kalman\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve medeni getirisi olarak nitelendirilirken; temerr\u00fct faizi belirli bir para borcunu s\u00fcresinde ifa etmeme sebebiyle kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za \u00e7\u0131kan […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"default","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"default","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[10],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1251","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-tazminat-hukuku"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kokvekok.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1251","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kokvekok.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kokvekok.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kokvekok.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kokvekok.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1251"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/kokvekok.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1251\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1253,"href":"https:\/\/kokvekok.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1251\/revisions\/1253"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kokvekok.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1251"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kokvekok.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1251"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kokvekok.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1251"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}