{"id":1200,"date":"2020-08-19T10:54:48","date_gmt":"2020-08-19T07:54:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kokvekok.com\/?p=1200"},"modified":"2020-08-19T10:55:22","modified_gmt":"2020-08-19T07:55:22","slug":"4857-sayili-is-kanununda-gebelik-ve-dogum-izni","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kokvekok.com\/en\/4857-sayili-is-kanununda-gebelik-ve-dogum-izni\/","title":{"rendered":"4857 Say\u0131l\u0131 \u0130\u015f Kanunu’nda Gebelik ve Do\u011fum \u0130zni"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Gebelik ve Do\u011fum iznine ili\u015fkin h\u00fck\u00fcmler 4857 Say\u0131l\u0131 \u0130\u015f Kanunu\u2019nun 74.maddesinde \u201cAnal\u0131k Halinde \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma ve S\u00fct \u0130zni\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 alt\u0131nda d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir. Bu h\u00fck\u00fcmler daha \u00e7ok kad\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlara y\u00f6nelik olup hamilelik halinde do\u011fum \u00f6ncesine ve sonras\u0131na ili\u015fkin izin haklar\u0131, do\u011fum sonra s\u00fct izni ve belirli bir s\u00fcre daha hafif i\u015flerde \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lma gibi \u00e7e\u015fitli \u00f6zel durumlar h\u00fck\u00fcm alt\u0131na al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u0130lgili h\u00fckm\u00fcn incelenmesinde genel prensibin ortaya konularak, do\u011fum \u00f6ncesi ve sonras\u0131 durum ayr\u0131 ayr\u0131 ele al\u0131nmas\u0131 gerekmektedir.<\/p>

Genel Prensip<\/strong><\/p>

74.madde kapsam\u0131nda \u201cKad\u0131n i\u015f\u00e7ilerin do\u011fumdan \u00f6nce sekiz ve do\u011fumdan sonra sekiz hafta olmak \u00fczere toplam onalt\u0131 haftal\u0131k s\u00fcre i\u00e7in \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmamalar\u0131 esast\u0131r<\/em>\u201d denilmek suretiyle genel prensip ortaya konulmu\u015ftur. Ayr\u0131ca \u00e7o\u011ful gebelik durumuna ili\u015fkin olarak \u201chalinde do\u011fumdan \u00f6nce \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmayacak sekiz haftal\u0131k s\u00fcreye iki hafta s\u00fcre eklenir<\/em>\u201d d\u00fczenlemesi de yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. H\u00fckm\u00fcn lafz\u0131ndan anla\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fczere, bu h\u00fck\u00fcm emredici nitelikte olup kad\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan aleyhine d\u00fczenlenmesi m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir. Belirtilmelidir ki, i\u015fverenin bu h\u00fck\u00fcmde \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen izin s\u00fcrelerini kad\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlara kulland\u0131rmamas\u0131 halinde, 104.maddede yer alan idari para cezas\u0131 ile kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fmas\u0131 s\u00f6z konusu olacakt\u0131r.<\/p>

Do\u011fumdan \u00d6nceki D\u00f6neme \u0130li\u015fkin H\u00fck\u00fcmler<\/strong><\/p>

Do\u011fumdan \u00f6nce \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131lacak s\u00fcreler, bu s\u00fcrelere ili\u015fkin baz\u0131 \u00f6zel durumlar ve erken do\u011fum hali 74.madde kapsam\u0131nda d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir. Buna g\u00f6re sa\u011fl\u0131k durumunun uygun oldu\u011fu doktor taraf\u0131ndan belgenen kad\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan iste\u011fi halinde \u201cdo\u011fumdan \u00f6nceki \u00fc\u00e7 haftaya kadar i\u015fyerinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fabilir\u201d<\/em> denilmi\u015ftir.\u00a0 Ancak, bu durumda, kad\u0131n i\u015f\u00e7inin \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00fcreler do\u011fum sonras\u0131 s\u00fcrelere eklenecektir.<\/p>

Di\u011fer taraftan, 74.maddede d\u00fczenlenen s\u00fcreler i\u015f\u00e7inin sa\u011fl\u0131k durumuna ve i\u015fin \u00f6zelli\u011fine g\u00f6re bir do\u011fumdan \u00f6nce ve sonra gerekirse art\u0131r\u0131labilecektir. S\u00fcrelerin artt\u0131r\u0131labilmesi i\u00e7in bu y\u00f6nde bir doktor raporunun al\u0131nmas\u0131 gerekmektedir. Ayr\u0131ca, hamilelik boyunca i\u015fveren taraf\u0131ndan kad\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015fana periyodik doktor kontrolleri i\u00e7in \u00fccretli izin verilmesi gerekti\u011fi de h\u00fck\u00fcm alt\u0131na al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>

Erken do\u011fum halinde ise, do\u011fumdan \u00f6nce kad\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan taraf\u0131ndan kullan\u0131lamayan izin s\u00fcreleri do\u011fum sonras\u0131 s\u00fcrelere eklenmek suretiyle kad\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015fana kulland\u0131r\u0131lmak zorundad\u0131r.<\/p>

Do\u011fumdan Sonraki D\u00f6neme \u0130li\u015fkin H\u00fck\u00fcmler<\/strong><\/p>

Yukar\u0131da bahsedildi\u011fi \u00fczere, do\u011fumdan sonraki d\u00f6nemde kural olarak i\u015fveren taraf\u0131ndan kad\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlara sekiz haftal\u0131k izin tan\u0131nmas\u0131 bir zorunluluktur. Ancak bu s\u00fcrenin bitiminden sonra da kad\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlara birtak\u0131m haklar tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u015e\u00f6yle ki, \u201cdo\u011fum sonras\u0131 anal\u0131k h\u00e2li izninin bitiminden itibaren \u00e7ocu\u011funun bak\u0131m\u0131 ve yeti\u015ftirilmesi amac\u0131yla ve \u00e7ocu\u011fun hayatta olmas\u0131 kayd\u0131yla kad\u0131n i\u015f\u00e7ilere istekleri h\u00e2linde birinci do\u011fumda altm\u0131\u015f g\u00fcn, ikinci do\u011fumda y\u00fcz yirmi g\u00fcn, sonraki do\u011fumlarda ise y\u00fcz seksen g\u00fcn s\u00fcreyle<\/em>\u201d haftal\u0131k \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma s\u00fcresinin yar\u0131s\u0131 kadar \u00fccretsiz izin verilebilmektedir. E\u011fer kad\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan bu hakk\u0131 kullanmak istemiyorsa iste\u011fi halinde onalt\u0131 haftal\u0131k s\u00fcrenin tamamlanmas\u0131ndan veya \u00e7o\u011ful gebelik halinde onsekiz haftal\u0131k s\u00fcreden sonra alt\u0131 aya kadar \u00fccretsiz izin de verilebilmektedir. Belirtildi\u011fi \u00fczere, bu s\u00fcreler kad\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n iste\u011fi halinde kulland\u0131r\u0131lmak zorundad\u0131r. Bu h\u00fck\u00fcmlere uygun hareket etmeyen i\u015fverenlere 104.madde kapsam\u0131nda idari para cezas\u0131 uygulanmas\u0131 s\u00f6z konusu olacakt\u0131r.<\/p>

Bu h\u00fck\u00fcmlere ek olarak, i\u015fverenler taraf\u0131ndan kad\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlara bir ya\u015f\u0131ndan k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n\u0131 emzirmeleri i\u00e7in g\u00fcnde toplam bir bu\u00e7uk saat s\u00fct izni verilmelidir.\u00a0 Burada dikkat edilmesi gereken husus, bu s\u00fcrenin hangi saatler aras\u0131nda ve ka\u00e7a b\u00f6l\u00fcnerek kulllan\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 kad\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan taraf\u0131ndan belirlenecektir. \u0130\u015f Kanunu bu s\u00fcrelerin \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131lan s\u00fcrelerden say\u0131laca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve kad\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan\u0131n \u00fccretinin herhangi bir indirim yap\u0131lamayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 h\u00fck\u00fcm alt\u0131na alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>

Gebelik Haline \u0130li\u015fkin \u00d6zel Durumlar<\/strong><\/p>

\u0130\u015f Kanunu gebelik haline ili\u015fkin birtak\u0131m \u00f6zel d\u00fczenlemelerde bulunmu\u015ftur. \u00d6ncelikle, \u0130\u015f Kanunu\u2019nun 18.maddesine g\u00f6re \u201cgebelik\u201d kad\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin feshedilmesinde ge\u00e7erli bir neden olarak kabul edilmemektedir. \u0130\u015fverence bu sebebe dayan\u0131larak yap\u0131lan bir fesih, ge\u00e7erli say\u0131lmayacak ve haks\u0131z feshe ba\u011fl\u0131 sonu\u00e7lar g\u00fcndeme gelecektir. Di\u011fer taraftan, kad\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlara tan\u0131nan do\u011fum \u00f6ncesi ve sonras\u0131 d\u00f6neme ili\u015fkin izin s\u00fcreleri \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131lan s\u00fcrelerden say\u0131larak y\u0131ll\u0131k \u00fccretli izin hesab\u0131nda dikkate al\u0131nacakt\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca, \u0130\u015f Kanunu\u2019nun 5.maddesinde d\u00fczenlenen \u201cE\u015fit Davranma \u0130lkesi\u201d alt\u0131nda \u201c\u0130\u015fveren, biyolojik veya i\u015fin niteli\u011fine ili\u015fkin sebepler zorunlu k\u0131lmad\u0131k\u00e7a, bir i\u015f\u00e7iye, i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin yap\u0131lmas\u0131nda, \u015fartlar\u0131n\u0131n olu\u015fturulmas\u0131nda, uygulanmas\u0131nda ve sona ermesinde, cinsiyet veya gebelik nedeniyle do\u011frudan veya dolayl\u0131 farkl\u0131 i\u015flem yapamaz<\/em>\u201d denilmektedir. Bu h\u00fck\u00fcm alt\u0131nda dikkat edilmesi gereken husus, i\u015f\u00e7inin bir ihlalin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ihtimalini g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir bi\u00e7imde g\u00f6steren bir durumu ortaya koydu\u011fu halde, i\u015fveren b\u00f6yle bir ihlalin mevcut olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ispat y\u00fck\u00fc alt\u0131nda olacakt\u0131r. Kald\u0131 ki, T\u00fcrkiye \u0130nsan Haklar\u0131 ve E\u015fitlik Kurumu Kanunu\u2019nun 3.maddesine g\u00f6re e\u015fitlik ilkesine ayk\u0131r\u0131 davranan i\u015fveren 15.000 T\u00fcrk Liras\u0131\u2019na kadar idari para cezas\u0131 ile kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya kalacakt\u0131r. Son olarak, i\u015fverenler gebelik iznine ayr\u0131lan kad\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131 izinden d\u00f6nd\u00fcklerinde ayn\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamak ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ko\u015fullar\u0131nda ya\u015fanan olumlu de\u011fi\u015fiklikleri kad\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlara yans\u0131tmak zorundad\u0131rlar. Bu durum e\u015fitlik ilkesinin bir gere\u011fi olup Yarg\u0131tay \u0130\u00e7tihatlar\u0131nda da kendisine yer bulmaktad\u0131r (Yarg\u0131tay 22. Hukuk Dairesi, E. 2018\/7697 K. 2018\/17200 T. 5.7.2018).<\/p>

Sonu\u00e7<\/strong><\/p>

G\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc \u00fczere, \u0130\u015f Kanunu gebelik ve gebeli\u011fe ba\u011fl\u0131 durumlara ili\u015fkin i\u015fveren taraf\u0131ndan uyulmas\u0131 zorunlu birtak\u0131m emredici h\u00fck\u00fcmler \u00f6ng\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. \u0130\u015fverenlerin bu h\u00fck\u00fcmlere tam anlam\u0131yla uymas\u0131 gerekmekle birlikte, kendisine bu haklar kulland\u0131r\u0131lmayan kad\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n i\u015fverenleri uyarmas\u0131, bu uyar\u0131lara uyulmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 halde hukuki ve cezai yollara ba\u015fvurmas\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6nem arz etmektedir.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Gebelik ve Do\u011fum iznine ili\u015fkin h\u00fck\u00fcmler 4857 Say\u0131l\u0131 \u0130\u015f Kanunu\u2019nun 74.maddesinde \u201cAnal\u0131k Halinde \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma ve S\u00fct \u0130zni\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 alt\u0131nda d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir. Bu h\u00fck\u00fcmler daha \u00e7ok kad\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlara y\u00f6nelik olup hamilelik halinde do\u011fum \u00f6ncesine ve sonras\u0131na ili\u015fkin izin haklar\u0131, do\u011fum sonra s\u00fct izni ve belirli bir s\u00fcre daha hafif i\u015flerde \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lma gibi \u00e7e\u015fitli \u00f6zel durumlar h\u00fck\u00fcm alt\u0131na […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"default","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"default","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[13],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1200","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-is-ve-sosyal-guvenlik-hukuku"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kokvekok.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1200","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kokvekok.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kokvekok.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kokvekok.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kokvekok.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1200"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/kokvekok.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1200\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1202,"href":"https:\/\/kokvekok.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1200\/revisions\/1202"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kokvekok.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1200"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kokvekok.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1200"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kokvekok.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1200"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}