{"id":1196,"date":"2020-08-11T11:43:25","date_gmt":"2020-08-11T08:43:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kokvekok.com\/?p=1196"},"modified":"2020-08-11T11:44:38","modified_gmt":"2020-08-11T08:44:38","slug":"yapi-malikinin-sorumlulugu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kokvekok.com\/en\/yapi-malikinin-sorumlulugu\/","title":{"rendered":"Yap\u0131 Malikinin Sorumlulu\u011fu"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Yap\u0131 kavram\u0131 g\u00fcndelik ya\u015fant\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n her an\u0131nda kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za \u00e7\u0131kmaktad\u0131r. Zira, i\u00e7inde ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z binalardan, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya gitti\u011fimiz binalara veya bir i\u015fimizi halletmek i\u00e7in gitti\u011fimiz kamu binalar\u0131na kadar baz\u0131 istisnalar d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda b\u00fct\u00fcn bu binalar geni\u015f anlamda yap\u0131 kavram\u0131n\u0131n i\u00e7erisine girmektedir. Bu do\u011frultuda, yap\u0131 kavram\u0131 ile yak\u0131ndan ili\u015fkili bulunan yap\u0131 malikinin sorumlulu\u011fu h\u00fck\u00fcmleri kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za \u00e7\u0131kmaktad\u0131r. A\u015fa\u011f\u0131da detayl\u0131 bir \u015fekilde ele al\u0131naca\u011f\u0131 \u00fczere, \u201cyap\u0131 malikinin sorumlulu\u011fu\u201d hususu 6098 say\u0131l\u0131 T\u00fcrk Bor\u00e7lar Kanunu\u2019nun 69.maddesinde d\u00fczenlenmektedir ve temelde \u201cbir binan\u0131n veya di\u011fer yap\u0131 eserlerinin\u201d maliklerini \u201cbunlar\u0131n yap\u0131m\u0131ndaki bozukluklardan veya bak\u0131m\u0131ndaki eksikliklerden\u201d sorumlu tutmakla birlikte, herhangi bir kusur \u015fart\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6rmeksizin \u201cdo\u011fan zarar\u0131 gidermekle\u201d y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fc tutmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>

Sorumlulu\u011fun Niteli\u011fi<\/strong><\/p>

Yap\u0131 malikinin sorumlulu\u011funun dayand\u0131\u011f\u0131 esas, bir bina veya yap\u0131dan en \u00fcst d\u00fczeyde yararlanan kimsenin binan\u0131n veya yap\u0131n\u0131n yap\u0131l\u0131\u015f bozuklu\u011fundan veya bak\u0131m eksikli\u011finden kaynaklanan zarardan sorumlu tutulmas\u0131d\u0131r. Kanun koyucu yap\u0131 malikinin sorumlulu\u011fu \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde herhangi bir sorumluluk karinesi ve bu karinenin \u00e7\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclmesi imkan\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015f de\u011fildir. Yap\u0131 malikinin sorumlulu\u011fu kapsam\u0131nda \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen h\u00fck\u00fcmlere bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ve bu sorumlulu\u011fun \u00f6zellikleri de\u011ferlendirildi\u011finde yap\u0131 malikinin sorumlulu\u011funun bir kusur aranmayan sorumluluk hali oldu\u011fu a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a ortadad\u0131r.<\/p>

Sorumlulu\u011fun \u015eartlar\u0131<\/strong><\/p>

Yap\u0131 malikinin sorumlulu\u011fu \u015fartlar\u0131n\u0131n daha iyi anla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in TBK m.69\u2019un incelenmesi ve k\u0131s\u0131mlara ayr\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekmektedir. Buna g\u00f6re ilgili maddenin lafz\u0131 \u015fu \u015fekildedir:<\/p>

\u201cTBK m.69 \u2013 Yap\u0131 Malikinin Sorumlulu\u011fu<\/strong><\/p>

  1. Giderim Y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fc\u011f\u00fc <\/strong><\/li><\/ol>

    Bir binan\u0131n veya di\u011fer yap\u0131 eserlerinin maliki, bunlar\u0131n do\u011fan zarar\u0131 gidermekle y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcd\u00fcr.<\/p>

    \u0130ntifa ve oturma hakk\u0131 sahipleri de, binan\u0131n bak\u0131m\u0131ndaki eksikliklerden do\u011fan zararlardan, malikle birlikte m\u00fcteselsilen sorumludurlar.<\/p>

    Sorumlular\u0131n, bu sebeplerle kendilerine kar\u015f\u0131 sorumlu olan di\u011fer ki\u015filere r\u00fccu hakk\u0131 sakl\u0131d\u0131r.\u201d<\/p>

    G\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc \u00fczere, bu sorumluluk h\u00fckm\u00fcne gidilebilmesi i\u00e7in bir \u201cbina veya di\u011fer yap\u0131 eseri\u201d bulunmal\u0131, bu bina veya di\u011fer yap\u0131 eserinin \u201cyap\u0131m\u0131ndaki bozukluklardan veya bak\u0131m\u0131ndaki eksikliklerden\u201d bir zarar do\u011fmal\u0131d\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca h\u00fck\u00fcm kapsam\u0131nda sorumlu tutulabilecek ki\u015filer ve ne yoldan sorumlu tutulabilecekleri farkl\u0131l\u0131k g\u00f6stermektedir. Zira, malik hem yap\u0131mdaki bozukluklardan hem de bak\u0131mdaki eksikliklerden do\u011fan zarardan sorumlu tutulabilecek iken, intifa ve oturma hakk\u0131 sahipleri yaln\u0131zca bak\u0131mdaki eksikliklerden do\u011fan zarardan malikle birlikte m\u00fcteselsilen sorumlu tutulacaklard\u0131r. Bu do\u011frultuda h\u00fck\u00fcm kapsam\u0131nda sorumlu tutulacak ki\u015finin tespit edilmesi, bir zarar ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131 ve zarar\u0131n binan\u0131n veya di\u011fer yap\u0131n\u0131n yap\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki bozukluk veya bak\u0131m\u0131ndaki eksiklikten kaynaklanm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131 hususlar\u0131 gereklilik arz etmektedir<\/p>

    Sorumlulu\u011fun Sonu\u00e7lar\u0131<\/strong><\/p>

    Yukar\u0131da ele al\u0131nan \u015fartlar ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftikten sonra yap\u0131 malikinin sorumlulu\u011fu h\u00fck\u00fcmlerine dayanarak her zarar g\u00f6ren sorumlulu\u011funa gidilebilecek ki\u015filerden zarar\u0131n\u0131n tazmin edilmesini talep edebilir. Bu noktada alt\u0131 \u00e7izilmelidir ki, TBK m.69\u2019da yer alan sorumluluk kusur aranmayan bir sorumluluk oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in tazminat davas\u0131n\u0131n y\u00f6neltildi\u011fi ki\u015finin kusursuzlu\u011funu ispat ederek sorumluluktan kurtulmas\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi kusurunun derecesi de bir \u00f6nem arz etmez. Ancak tazminat\u0131n belirlenmesinde hal ve durumun icab\u0131na bak\u0131larak bir durum de\u011ferlendirmesi yap\u0131labilir.\u00a0 \u00d6rne\u011fin, zarar\u0131n ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmesinde nedensellik ba\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kesmeyecek \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde ama yine de zarar g\u00f6renin kusuru s\u00f6z konusu ise, TBK m.52\/f.1 uyar\u0131nca tazminatta indirim sebebi olarak de\u011ferlendirilebilir. Bunun yan\u0131nda TBK m.52\/f.2 uyar\u0131nca tazminat\u0131n daval\u0131y\u0131 yoksullu\u011fa d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrece\u011fi de\u011ferlendirmesi yap\u0131l\u0131yorsa, tazminatta indirim s\u00f6z konusu olabilecektir.\u00a0 Son olarak, yap\u0131 malikinin sorumlulu\u011funda da zamana\u015f\u0131m\u0131 TBK m.72 uyar\u0131nca zarar\u0131n ve tazminat y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fcn \u00f6\u011frenildi\u011fi tarihten itibaren iki y\u0131l olacakt\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca zarara sebep olay\u0131n ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmesinden itibaren on y\u0131ll\u0131k \u00fcst s\u00fcre \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f durumdad\u0131r. Buna g\u00f6re herh\u00e2lde fiilin i\u015flendi\u011fi tarihten ba\u015flayarak on y\u0131l\u0131n ge\u00e7mesiyle zamana\u015f\u0131m\u0131 s\u00f6z konusu olacakt\u0131r.<\/p>

    R\u00fccu<\/strong><\/p>

    Yap\u0131 malikinin sorumlulu\u011fu kapsam\u0131nda iki \u00e7e\u015fit r\u00fccu imkan\u0131 s\u00f6z konusudur. Bunlardan birincisi TBK m.69\/f.2\u2019de i\u015flenen malik ve oturma veya intifa hakk\u0131 sahiplerinin bak\u0131m eksikli\u011finden m\u00fcteselsil sorumlu olmas\u0131 sebebiyle i\u00e7 ili\u015fki kapsam\u0131nda birbirlerine r\u00fccu etmeleri \u015feklindedir. \u0130kinci r\u00fccu imkan\u0131 ise TBK m.69\/f.3\u2019te \u201cSorumlular\u0131n, bu sebeplerle kendilerine kar\u015f\u0131 sorumlu olan di\u011fer ki\u015filere r\u00fccu hakk\u0131 sakl\u0131d\u0131r.\u201d \u015feklinde belirtilmi\u015ftir. Bu f\u0131krada \u201c… sorumlu olan di\u011fer ki\u015filer\u201d ifadesi kullan\u0131l\u0131rken, s\u00f6zle\u015fme ve kanun uyar\u0131nca binan\u0131n ve yap\u0131n\u0131n yap\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki bozukluktan veya bak\u0131m eksikli\u011finden sorumlu olan kimseler i\u015faret edilmi\u015ftir. \u00d6rne\u011fin, yap\u0131 denetim kurulu\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n, yap\u0131n\u0131n ruhsat ve eklerine, fen, sanat ve sa\u011fl\u0131k kurallar\u0131na ayk\u0131r\u0131, eksik, hatal\u0131 ve kusurlu yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131 nedeniyle ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan yap\u0131 hasar\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 yap\u0131 sahibi ve ilgili idareye kar\u015f\u0131, kusurlar\u0131 oran\u0131nda sorumluluklar\u0131 s\u00f6z konusudur.<\/p>

    Tedbirler<\/strong><\/p>

    TBK m.70 uyar\u0131nca \u201cBir ba\u015fkas\u0131na ait bina veya di\u011fer yap\u0131 eserlerinden zarar g\u00f6rme tehlikesiyle kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fan ki\u015fi, bu tehlikenin giderilmesi i\u00e7in gerekli \u00f6nlemlerin al\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131 hak sahiplerinden isteyebilir.\u201d denilmektedir. Bu madde kapsam\u0131ndaki bir tehlike ile kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fan herkes bu tehlikenin \u00f6nlenmesi i\u00e7in gerekli tedbirlerin al\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131 TBK m.69 kapsam\u0131nda sorumlu hak sahiplerinden talep edebilir. Bu y\u00f6ndeki bir talebin reddedilmesi halinde, tehlikenin bertaraf edilmesi i\u00e7in dava a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131 g\u00fcndeme gelebilecektir.\u00a0<\/p>

    Sonu\u00e7<\/strong><\/p>

    \u00c7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131n giri\u015f b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde de belirtti\u011fimiz \u00fczere, yap\u0131lar hayat\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n neredeyse her an\u0131n\u0131 doldurmaktad\u0131r. \u015e\u00fcphesiz kanun koyucu da yap\u0131lar\u0131n insanlar taraf\u0131ndan g\u00fcndelik ya\u015fant\u0131da bu denli s\u0131k kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda birtak\u0131m d\u00fczenlemeler yapma gere\u011fi hissetmi\u015ftir. Yap\u0131 malikinin sorumlulu\u011fu incelendi\u011finde g\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr ki kanun koyucu bir yap\u0131dan en \u00fcst derecede yararlanan malik s\u0131fat\u0131ndaki ki\u015fileri, bina ve di\u011fer yap\u0131daki yap\u0131l\u0131\u015f bozuklu\u011fu veya bak\u0131m eksikli\u011finden do\u011facak zararlardan kusur aranmaks\u0131z\u0131n sorumlu tutmu\u015ftur. Buna ek olarak oturma hakk\u0131 ve intifa hakk\u0131 sahipleri de yararlanma derecelerinin y\u00fcksekli\u011fi g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcne al\u0131narak bina ve di\u011fer yap\u0131daki bak\u0131m eksikli\u011finden malikle birlikte kusur aranmaks\u0131z\u0131n ve m\u00fcteselsilen sorumlu tutulmu\u015flard\u0131r. Buradaki \u00f6nemli husus, TBK m.69 kapsam\u0131nda sorumlu tutulan ki\u015filer a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan herhangi bir kurtulu\u015f beyinesi getirilmemi\u015f olmas\u0131d\u0131r. G\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc \u00fczere, kanun koyucu TBK m.69 kapsam\u0131nda sorumlu tutulabilecek kimseleri yap\u0131l\u0131\u015ftaki bozukluk veya bak\u0131m eksikli\u011finden herhangi bir zarar do\u011fmamas\u0131 ad\u0131na en \u00fcst derecede \u00f6zeni g\u00f6stermeye sevk etmektedir. TBK m.69 kapsam\u0131nda di\u011fer bir \u00f6nemli husus ise bu sorumlulu\u011fun s\u00fcre ile s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 olmamas\u0131d\u0131r. Zira, ki\u015finin malik, oturma hakk\u0131 sahibi ve intifa hakk\u0131 sahibi s\u0131fat\u0131 devam ettik\u00e7e bu sorumluluk devam edecektir.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Yap\u0131 kavram\u0131 g\u00fcndelik ya\u015fant\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n her an\u0131nda kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za \u00e7\u0131kmaktad\u0131r. Zira, i\u00e7inde ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z binalardan, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya gitti\u011fimiz binalara veya bir i\u015fimizi halletmek i\u00e7in gitti\u011fimiz kamu binalar\u0131na kadar baz\u0131 istisnalar d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda b\u00fct\u00fcn bu binalar geni\u015f anlamda yap\u0131 kavram\u0131n\u0131n i\u00e7erisine girmektedir. Bu do\u011frultuda, yap\u0131 kavram\u0131 ile yak\u0131ndan ili\u015fkili bulunan yap\u0131 malikinin sorumlulu\u011fu h\u00fck\u00fcmleri kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za \u00e7\u0131kmaktad\u0131r. A\u015fa\u011f\u0131da detayl\u0131 bir \u015fekilde ele […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"default","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"default","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[10],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1196","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-tazminat-hukuku"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kokvekok.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1196","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kokvekok.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kokvekok.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kokvekok.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kokvekok.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1196"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/kokvekok.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1196\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1198,"href":"https:\/\/kokvekok.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1196\/revisions\/1198"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kokvekok.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1196"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kokvekok.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1196"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kokvekok.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1196"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}